INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM | |
--------------------------------- | |
[Installation on DOS (with djgpp), Windows, OpenVMS, MacOS (before MacOS X) | |
and NetWare is described in INSTALL.DJGPP, INSTALL.W32, INSTALL.VMS, | |
INSTALL.MacOS and INSTALL.NW. | |
This document describes installation on operating systems in the Unix | |
family.] | |
To install OpenSSL, you will need: | |
* make | |
* Perl 5 | |
* an ANSI C compiler | |
* a development environment in form of development libraries and C | |
header files | |
* a supported Unix operating system | |
Quick Start | |
----------- | |
If you want to just get on with it, do: | |
$ ./config | |
$ make | |
$ make test | |
$ make install | |
[If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.] | |
This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is (for | |
historical reasons) /usr/local/ssl. If you want to install it anywhere else, | |
run config like this: | |
$ ./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl | |
Configuration Options | |
--------------------- | |
There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize | |
the build: | |
--prefix=DIR Install in DIR/bin, DIR/lib, DIR/include/openssl. | |
Configuration files used by OpenSSL will be in DIR/ssl | |
or the directory specified by --openssldir. | |
--openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL files. If no prefix is specified, | |
the library files and binaries are also installed there. | |
no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded | |
applications. | |
threads Build with support for multi-threaded applications. | |
This will usually require additional system-dependent options! | |
See "Note on multi-threading" below. | |
no-zlib Don't try to build with support for zlib compression and | |
decompression. | |
zlib Build with support for zlib compression/decompression. | |
zlib-dynamic Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library dynamically | |
when needed. This is only supported on systems where loading | |
of shared libraries is supported. This is the default choice. | |
no-shared Don't try to create shared libraries. | |
shared In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared | |
libraries on platforms where it's supported. See "Note on | |
shared libraries" below. | |
no-asm Do not use assembler code. | |
386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is | |
more efficient, but requires at least a 486). Note: Use | |
compiler flags for any other CPU specific configuration, | |
e.g. "-m32" to build x86 code on an x64 system. | |
no-sse2 Exclude SSE2 code pathes. Normally SSE2 extention is | |
detected at run-time, but the decision whether or not the | |
machine code will be executed is taken solely on CPU | |
capability vector. This means that if you happen to run OS | |
kernel which does not support SSE2 extension on Intel P4 | |
processor, then your application might be exposed to | |
"illegal instruction" exception. There might be a way | |
to enable support in kernel, e.g. FreeBSD kernel can be | |
compiled with CPU_ENABLE_SSE, and there is a way to | |
disengage SSE2 code pathes upon application start-up, | |
but if you aim for wider "audience" running such kernel, | |
consider no-sse2. Both 386 and no-asm options above imply | |
no-sse2. | |
no-<cipher> Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa, | |
hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha). | |
The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running | |
"make depend". | |
-Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -mXXX, -Kxxx These system specific options will | |
be passed through to the compiler to allow you to | |
define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries, | |
library directories or other compiler options. | |
-DHAVE_CRYPTODEV Enable the BSD cryptodev engine even if we are not using | |
BSD. Useful if you are running ocf-linux or something | |
similar. Once enabled you can also enable the use of | |
cryptodev digests, which is usually slower unless you have | |
large amounts data. Use -DUSE_CRYPTODEV_DIGESTS to force | |
it. | |
Installation in Detail | |
---------------------- | |
1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically: | |
$ ./config [options] | |
This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and | |
configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see | |
if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you | |
are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was | |
wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2. | |
On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows: | |
$ ./config -d [options] | |
1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually | |
OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and | |
compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run | |
$ ./Configure | |
Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most | |
operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When | |
you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name | |
as the argument to ./Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would | |
run: | |
$ ./Configure linux-elf [options] | |
If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure | |
program and add the correct configuration for your system. The | |
generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit | |
systems. | |
Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org and | |
defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from | |
crypto/opensslconf.h.in). | |
2. Build OpenSSL by running: | |
$ make | |
This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a) and the | |
OpenSSL binary ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level | |
directory, and the binary will be in the "apps" directory. | |
If "make" fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for | |
the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing | |
standard headers). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please | |
report the problem to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org> (note that your | |
message will be recorded in the request tracker publicly readable | |
at https://www.openssl.org/community/index.html#bugs and will be | |
forwarded to a public mailing list). Include the output of "make | |
report" in your message. Please check out the request tracker. Maybe | |
the bug was already reported or has already been fixed. | |
[If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm" | |
configuration option as an immediate fix.] | |
Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system | |
compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems. | |
3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run: | |
$ make test | |
If a test fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for | |
the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a missing | |
or malfunctioning bc). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, | |
try removing any compiler optimization flags from the CFLAG line | |
in Makefile.ssl and run "make clean; make". Please send a bug | |
report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, including the output of | |
"make report" in order to be added to the request tracker at | |
http://www.openssl.org/support/rt.html. | |
4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with | |
$ make install | |
This will create the installation directory (if it does not exist) and | |
then the following subdirectories: | |
certs Initially empty, this is the default location | |
for certificate files. | |
man/man1 Manual pages for the 'openssl' command line tool | |
man/man3 Manual pages for the libraries (very incomplete) | |
misc Various scripts. | |
private Initially empty, this is the default location | |
for private key files. | |
If you didn't choose a different installation prefix, the | |
following additional subdirectories will be created: | |
bin Contains the openssl binary and a few other | |
utility programs. | |
include/openssl Contains the header files needed if you want to | |
compile programs with libcrypto or libssl. | |
lib Contains the OpenSSL library files themselves. | |
Use "make install_sw" to install the software without documentation, | |
and "install_docs_html" to install HTML renditions of the manual | |
pages. | |
Package builders who want to configure the library for standard | |
locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that | |
it can easily be packaged, can use | |
$ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install | |
(or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure | |
option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all | |
installation target filenames. | |
NOTE: The header files used to reside directly in the include | |
directory, but have now been moved to include/openssl so that | |
OpenSSL can co-exist with other libraries which use some of the | |
same filenames. This means that applications that use OpenSSL | |
should now use C preprocessor directives of the form | |
#include <openssl/ssl.h> | |
instead of "#include <ssl.h>", which was used with library versions | |
up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b. | |
If you install a new version of OpenSSL over an old library version, | |
you should delete the old header files in the include directory. | |
Compatibility issues: | |
* COMPILING existing applications | |
To compile an application that uses old filenames -- e.g. | |
"#include <ssl.h>" --, it will usually be enough to find | |
the CFLAGS definition in the application's Makefile and | |
add a C option such as | |
-I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl | |
to it. | |
But don't delete the existing -I option that points to | |
the ..../include directory! Otherwise, OpenSSL header files | |
could not #include each other. | |
* WRITING applications | |
To write an application that is able to handle both the new | |
and the old directory layout, so that it can still be compiled | |
with library versions up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b without bothering | |
the user, you can proceed as follows: | |
- Always use the new filename of OpenSSL header files, | |
e.g. #include <openssl/ssl.h>. | |
- Create a directory "incl" that contains only a symbolic | |
link named "openssl", which points to the "include" directory | |
of OpenSSL. | |
For example, your application's Makefile might contain the | |
following rule, if OPENSSLDIR is a pathname (absolute or | |
relative) of the directory where OpenSSL resides: | |
incl/openssl: | |
-mkdir incl | |
cd $(OPENSSLDIR) # Check whether the directory really exists | |
-ln -s `cd $(OPENSSLDIR); pwd`/include incl/openssl | |
You will have to add "incl/openssl" to the dependencies | |
of those C files that include some OpenSSL header file. | |
- Add "-Iincl" to your CFLAGS. | |
With these additions, the OpenSSL header files will be available | |
under both name variants if an old library version is used: | |
Your application can reach them under names like <openssl/foo.h>, | |
while the header files still are able to #include each other | |
with names of the form <foo.h>. | |
Note on multi-threading | |
----------------------- | |
For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options | |
are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded | |
applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled | |
by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be | |
necessary). | |
On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have | |
to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option. | |
(The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this | |
case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but | |
you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message | |
from the Configure script.) | |
Note on shared libraries | |
------------------------ | |
Shared libraries have certain caveats. Binary backward compatibility | |
can't be guaranteed before OpenSSL version 1.0. The only reason to | |
use them would be to conserve memory on systems where several programs | |
are using OpenSSL. | |
For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to | |
build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems, | |
the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving | |
the option "shared" will get them created. This method supports Makefile | |
targets for shared library creation, like linux-shared. Those targets | |
can currently be used on their own just as well, but this is expected | |
to change in future versions of OpenSSL. | |
Note on random number generation | |
-------------------------------- | |
Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for | |
secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the | |
internal PRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal PRNG will refuse | |
to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur. | |
On systems without /dev/urandom (or similar) device, it may be necessary | |
to install additional support software to obtain random seed. | |
Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(), RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(), | |
and the FAQ for more information. | |
Note on support for multiple builds | |
----------------------------------- | |
OpenSSL is usually built in its source tree. Unfortunately, this doesn't | |
support building for multiple platforms from the same source tree very well. | |
It is however possible to build in a separate tree through the use of lots | |
of symbolic links, which should be prepared like this: | |
mkdir -p objtree/"`uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -m`" | |
cd objtree/"`uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -m`" | |
(cd $OPENSSL_SOURCE; find . -type f) | while read F; do | |
mkdir -p `dirname $F` | |
rm -f $F; ln -s $OPENSSL_SOURCE/$F $F | |
echo $F '->' $OPENSSL_SOURCE/$F | |
done | |
make -f Makefile.org clean | |
OPENSSL_SOURCE is an environment variable that contains the absolute (this | |
is important!) path to the OpenSSL source tree. | |
Also, operations like 'make update' should still be made in the source tree. |