//
// Copyright 2019 The ANGLE Project Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
//
// RewriteCubeMapSamplersAs2DArray: Change samplerCube samplers to sampler2DArray for seamful cube
// map emulation.
//

#include "compiler/translator/tree_ops/RewriteCubeMapSamplersAs2DArray.h"

#include "compiler/translator/Compiler.h"
#include "compiler/translator/ImmutableStringBuilder.h"
#include "compiler/translator/StaticType.h"
#include "compiler/translator/SymbolTable.h"
#include "compiler/translator/tree_util/IntermNode_util.h"
#include "compiler/translator/tree_util/IntermTraverse.h"
#include "compiler/translator/tree_util/ReplaceVariable.h"
#include "nb/cpp14oncpp11.h"

namespace sh
{
namespace
{
CONSTEXPR ImmutableString kCoordTransformFuncName("ANGLECubeMapCoordTransform");
CONSTEXPR ImmutableString kCoordTransformFuncNameImplicit("ANGLECubeMapCoordTransformImplicit");

TIntermTyped *DerivativeQuotient(TIntermTyped *u,
                                 TIntermTyped *du,
                                 TIntermTyped *v,
                                 TIntermTyped *dv,
                                 TIntermTyped *vRecip)
{
    // (du v - dv u) / v^2
    return new TIntermBinary(
        EOpMul,
        new TIntermBinary(EOpSub, new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, du->deepCopy(), v->deepCopy()),
                          new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, dv->deepCopy(), u->deepCopy())),
        new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, vRecip->deepCopy(), vRecip->deepCopy()));
}

TIntermTyped *Swizzle1(TIntermTyped *array, int i)
{
    return new TIntermSwizzle(array, {i});
}

TIntermTyped *IndexDirect(TIntermTyped *array, int i)
{
    return new TIntermBinary(EOpIndexDirect, array, CreateIndexNode(i));
}

// Generated the common transformation in each coord transformation case.  See comment in
// declareCoordTranslationFunction().  Called with P, dPdx and dPdy.
void TransformXMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                     TIntermTyped *x,
                     TIntermTyped *y,
                     TIntermTyped *z,
                     TIntermTyped *uc,
                     TIntermTyped *vc)
{
    // uc = -sign(x)*z
    // vc = -y
    TIntermTyped *signX = new TIntermUnary(EOpSign, x->deepCopy(), nullptr);

    TIntermTyped *ucValue =
        new TIntermUnary(EOpNegative, new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, signX, z->deepCopy()), nullptr);
    TIntermTyped *vcValue = new TIntermUnary(EOpNegative, y->deepCopy(), nullptr);

    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, uc->deepCopy(), ucValue));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, vc->deepCopy(), vcValue));
}

void TransformDerivativeXMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                               TSymbolTable *symbolTable,
                               TIntermTyped *x,
                               TIntermTyped *y,
                               TIntermTyped *z,
                               TIntermTyped *dx,
                               TIntermTyped *dy,
                               TIntermTyped *dz,
                               TIntermTyped *du,
                               TIntermTyped *dv,
                               TIntermTyped *xRecip)
{
    // Only the magnitude of the derivative matters, so we ignore the sign(x)
    // and the negations.
    TIntermTyped *duValue = DerivativeQuotient(z, dz, x, dx, xRecip);
    TIntermTyped *dvValue = DerivativeQuotient(y, dy, x, dx, xRecip);
    duValue               = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, duValue, CreateFloatNode(0.5f));
    dvValue               = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, dvValue, CreateFloatNode(0.5f));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, du->deepCopy(), duValue));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, dv->deepCopy(), dvValue));
}

void TransformImplicitDerivativeXMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                                       TIntermTyped *dOuter,
                                       TIntermTyped *du,
                                       TIntermTyped *dv)
{
    block->appendStatement(
        new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, du->deepCopy(), Swizzle1(dOuter->deepCopy(), 2)));
    block->appendStatement(
        new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, dv->deepCopy(), Swizzle1(dOuter->deepCopy(), 1)));
}

void TransformYMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                     TIntermTyped *x,
                     TIntermTyped *y,
                     TIntermTyped *z,
                     TIntermTyped *uc,
                     TIntermTyped *vc)
{
    // uc = x
    // vc = sign(y)*z
    TIntermTyped *signY = new TIntermUnary(EOpSign, y->deepCopy(), nullptr);

    TIntermTyped *ucValue = x->deepCopy();
    TIntermTyped *vcValue = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, signY, z->deepCopy());

    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, uc->deepCopy(), ucValue));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, vc->deepCopy(), vcValue));
}

void TransformDerivativeYMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                               TSymbolTable *symbolTable,
                               TIntermTyped *x,
                               TIntermTyped *y,
                               TIntermTyped *z,
                               TIntermTyped *dx,
                               TIntermTyped *dy,
                               TIntermTyped *dz,
                               TIntermTyped *du,
                               TIntermTyped *dv,
                               TIntermTyped *yRecip)
{
    // Only the magnitude of the derivative matters, so we ignore the sign(x)
    // and the negations.
    TIntermTyped *duValue = DerivativeQuotient(x, dx, y, dy, yRecip);
    TIntermTyped *dvValue = DerivativeQuotient(z, dz, y, dy, yRecip);
    duValue               = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, duValue, CreateFloatNode(0.5f));
    dvValue               = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, dvValue, CreateFloatNode(0.5f));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, du->deepCopy(), duValue));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, dv->deepCopy(), dvValue));
}

void TransformImplicitDerivativeYMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                                       TIntermTyped *dOuter,
                                       TIntermTyped *du,
                                       TIntermTyped *dv)
{
    block->appendStatement(
        new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, du->deepCopy(), Swizzle1(dOuter->deepCopy(), 0)));
    block->appendStatement(
        new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, dv->deepCopy(), Swizzle1(dOuter->deepCopy(), 2)));
}

void TransformZMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                     TIntermTyped *x,
                     TIntermTyped *y,
                     TIntermTyped *z,
                     TIntermTyped *uc,
                     TIntermTyped *vc)
{
    // uc = size(z)*x
    // vc = -y
    TIntermTyped *signZ = new TIntermUnary(EOpSign, z->deepCopy(), nullptr);

    TIntermTyped *ucValue = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, signZ, x->deepCopy());
    TIntermTyped *vcValue = new TIntermUnary(EOpNegative, y->deepCopy(), nullptr);

    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, uc->deepCopy(), ucValue));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, vc->deepCopy(), vcValue));
}

void TransformDerivativeZMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                               TSymbolTable *symbolTable,
                               TIntermTyped *x,
                               TIntermTyped *y,
                               TIntermTyped *z,
                               TIntermTyped *dx,
                               TIntermTyped *dy,
                               TIntermTyped *dz,
                               TIntermTyped *du,
                               TIntermTyped *dv,
                               TIntermTyped *zRecip)
{
    // Only the magnitude of the derivative matters, so we ignore the sign(x)
    // and the negations.
    TIntermTyped *duValue = DerivativeQuotient(x, dx, z, dz, zRecip);
    TIntermTyped *dvValue = DerivativeQuotient(y, dy, z, dz, zRecip);
    duValue               = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, duValue, CreateFloatNode(0.5f));
    dvValue               = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, dvValue, CreateFloatNode(0.5f));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, du->deepCopy(), duValue));
    block->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, dv->deepCopy(), dvValue));
}

void TransformImplicitDerivativeZMajor(TIntermBlock *block,
                                       TIntermTyped *dOuter,
                                       TIntermTyped *du,
                                       TIntermTyped *dv)
{
    block->appendStatement(
        new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, du->deepCopy(), Swizzle1(dOuter->deepCopy(), 0)));
    block->appendStatement(
        new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, dv->deepCopy(), Swizzle1(dOuter->deepCopy(), 1)));
}

class RewriteCubeMapSamplersAs2DArrayTraverser : public TIntermTraverser
{
  public:
    RewriteCubeMapSamplersAs2DArrayTraverser(TSymbolTable *symbolTable, bool isFragmentShader)
        : TIntermTraverser(true, true, true, symbolTable),
          mCubeXYZToArrayUVL(nullptr),
          mCubeXYZToArrayUVLImplicit(nullptr),
          mIsFragmentShader(isFragmentShader),
          mCoordTranslationFunctionDecl(nullptr),
          mCoordTranslationFunctionImplicitDecl(nullptr)
    {}

    bool visitDeclaration(Visit visit, TIntermDeclaration *node) override
    {
        if (visit != PreVisit)
        {
            return true;
        }

        const TIntermSequence &sequence = *(node->getSequence());

        TIntermTyped *variable = sequence.front()->getAsTyped();
        const TType &type      = variable->getType();
        bool isSamplerCube     = type.getQualifier() == EvqUniform && type.isSamplerCube();

        if (isSamplerCube)
        {
            // Samplers cannot have initializers, so the declaration must necessarily be a symbol.
            TIntermSymbol *samplerVariable = variable->getAsSymbolNode();
            ASSERT(samplerVariable != nullptr);

            declareSampler2DArray(&samplerVariable->variable(), node);
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    void visitFunctionPrototype(TIntermFunctionPrototype *node) override
    {
        const TFunction *function = node->getFunction();
        // Go over the parameters and replace the samplerCube arguments with a sampler2DArray.
        mRetyper.visitFunctionPrototype();
        for (size_t paramIndex = 0; paramIndex < function->getParamCount(); ++paramIndex)
        {
            const TVariable *param = function->getParam(paramIndex);
            TVariable *replacement = convertFunctionParameter(node, param);
            if (replacement)
            {
                mRetyper.replaceFunctionParam(param, replacement);
            }
        }

        TIntermFunctionPrototype *replacementPrototype =
            mRetyper.convertFunctionPrototype(mSymbolTable, function);
        if (replacementPrototype)
        {
            queueReplacement(replacementPrototype, OriginalNode::IS_DROPPED);
        }
    }

    bool visitAggregate(Visit visit, TIntermAggregate *node) override
    {
        if (visit == PreVisit)
        {
            mRetyper.preVisitAggregate();
        }

        if (visit != PostVisit)
        {
            return true;
        }

        if (node->getOp() == EOpCallBuiltInFunction)
        {
            convertBuiltinFunction(node);
        }
        else if (node->getOp() == EOpCallFunctionInAST)
        {
            TIntermAggregate *substituteCall = mRetyper.convertASTFunction(node);
            if (substituteCall)
            {
                queueReplacement(substituteCall, OriginalNode::IS_DROPPED);
            }
        }
        mRetyper.postVisitAggregate();

        return true;
    }

    void visitSymbol(TIntermSymbol *symbol) override
    {
        if (!symbol->getType().isSamplerCube())
        {
            return;
        }

        const TVariable *samplerCubeVar = &symbol->variable();

        TIntermTyped *sampler2DArrayVar =
            new TIntermSymbol(mRetyper.getVariableReplacement(samplerCubeVar));
        ASSERT(sampler2DArrayVar != nullptr);

        TIntermNode *argument = symbol;

        // We need to replace the whole function call argument with the symbol replaced.  The
        // argument can either be the sampler (array) itself, or a subscript into a sampler array.
        TIntermBinary *arrayExpression = getParentNode()->getAsBinaryNode();
        if (arrayExpression)
        {
            ASSERT(arrayExpression->getOp() == EOpIndexDirect ||
                   arrayExpression->getOp() == EOpIndexIndirect);

            argument = arrayExpression;

            sampler2DArrayVar = new TIntermBinary(arrayExpression->getOp(), sampler2DArrayVar,
                                                  arrayExpression->getRight()->deepCopy());
        }

        mRetyper.replaceFunctionCallArg(argument, sampler2DArrayVar);
    }

    TIntermFunctionDefinition *getCoordTranslationFunctionDecl()
    {
        return mCoordTranslationFunctionDecl;
    }

    TIntermFunctionDefinition *getCoordTranslationFunctionDeclImplicit()
    {
        return mCoordTranslationFunctionImplicitDecl;
    }

  private:
    void declareSampler2DArray(const TVariable *samplerCubeVar, TIntermDeclaration *node)
    {
        if (mCubeXYZToArrayUVL == nullptr)
        {
            // If not done yet, declare the function that transforms cube map texture sampling
            // coordinates to face index and uv coordinates.
            declareCoordTranslationFunction(false, kCoordTransformFuncName, &mCubeXYZToArrayUVL,
                                            &mCoordTranslationFunctionDecl);
        }
        if (mCubeXYZToArrayUVLImplicit == nullptr && mIsFragmentShader)
        {
            declareCoordTranslationFunction(true, kCoordTransformFuncNameImplicit,
                                            &mCubeXYZToArrayUVLImplicit,
                                            &mCoordTranslationFunctionImplicitDecl);
        }

        TType *newType = new TType(samplerCubeVar->getType());
        newType->setBasicType(EbtSampler2DArray);

        TVariable *sampler2DArrayVar =
            new TVariable(mSymbolTable, samplerCubeVar->name(), newType, SymbolType::UserDefined);

        TIntermDeclaration *sampler2DArrayDecl = new TIntermDeclaration();
        sampler2DArrayDecl->appendDeclarator(new TIntermSymbol(sampler2DArrayVar));

        TIntermSequence replacement;
        replacement.push_back(sampler2DArrayDecl);
        mMultiReplacements.emplace_back(getParentNode()->getAsBlock(), node, replacement);

        // Remember the sampler2DArray variable.
        mRetyper.replaceGlobalVariable(samplerCubeVar, sampler2DArrayVar);
    }

    void declareCoordTranslationFunction(bool implicit,
                                         const ImmutableString &name,
                                         TFunction **functionOut,
                                         TIntermFunctionDefinition **declOut)
    {
        // GLES2.0 (as well as desktop OpenGL 2.0) define the coordination transformation as
        // follows.  Given xyz cube coordinates, where each channel is in [-1, 1], the following
        // table calculates uc, vc and ma as well as the cube map face.
        //
        //    Major    Axis Direction Target     uc  vc  ma
        //     +x   TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X  −z  −y  |x|
        //     −x   TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X   z  −y  |x|
        //     +y   TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y   x   z  |y|
        //     −y   TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y   x  −z  |y|
        //     +z   TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z   x  −y  |z|
        //     −z   TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z  −x  −y  |z|
        //
        // "Major" is an indication of the axis with the largest value.  The cube map face indicates
        // the layer to sample from.  The uv coordinates to sample from are calculated as,
        // effectively transforming the uv values to [0, 1]:
        //
        //     u = (1 + uc/ma) / 2
        //     v = (1 + vc/ma) / 2
        //
        // The function can be implemented as 6 ifs, though it would be far from efficient.  The
        // following calculations implement the table above in a smaller number of instructions.
        //
        // First, ma can be calculated as the max of the three axes.
        //
        //     ma = max3(|x|, |y|, |z|)
        //
        // We have three cases:
        //
        //     ma == |x|:      uc = -sign(x)*z
        //                     vc = -y
        //                  layer = float(x < 0)
        //
        //     ma == |y|:      uc = x
        //                     vc = sign(y)*z
        //                  layer = 2 + float(y < 0)
        //
        //     ma == |z|:      uc = size(z)*x
        //                     vc = -y
        //                  layer = 4 + float(z < 0)
        //
        // This can be implemented with a number of ?: instructions or 3 ifs. ?: would require all
        // expressions to be evaluated (vector ALU) while if would require exec mask and jumps
        // (scalar operations).  We implement this using ifs as there would otherwise be many vector
        // operations and not much of anything else.
        //
        // If textureCubeGrad is used, we also need to transform the provided dPdx and dPdy (both
        // vec3) to a dUVdx and dUVdy.  Assume P=(r,s,t) and we are investigating dx (note the
        // change from xyz to rst to not confuse with dx and dy):
        //
        //     uv = (f(r,s,t)/ma + 1)/2
        //
        // Where f is one of the transformations above for uc and vc.  Between two neighbors along
        // the x axis, we have P0=(r0,s0,t0) and P1=(r1,s1,t1)
        //
        //     dP = (r1-r0, s1-s0, t1-t0)
        //     dUV = (f(r1,s1,t1)/ma1 - g(r0,s0,t0)/ma0) / 2
        //
        // f and g may not necessarily be the same because the two points may have different major
        // axes.  Even with the same major access, the sign that's used in the formulas may not be
        // the same.  Furthermore, ma0 and ma1 may not be the same.  This makes it impossible to
        // derive dUV from dP exactly.
        //
        // However, gradient transformation is implementation dependant, so we will simplify and
        // assume all the above complications are non-existent.  We therefore have:
        //
        //      dUV = (f(r1,s1,t1)/ma0 - f(r0,s0,t0)/ma0)/2
        //
        // Given that we assumed the sign functions are returning identical results for the two
        // points, f becomes a linear transformation.  Thus:
        //
        //      dUV = f(r1-r0,s1-0,t1-t0)/ma0/2
        //
        // In other words, we use the same formulae that transform XYZ (RST here) to UV to
        // transform the derivatives.
        //
        //     ma == |x|:    dUdx = -sign(x)*dPdx.z / ma / 2
        //                   dVdx = -dPdx.y / ma / 2
        //
        //     ma == |y|:    dUdx = dPdx.x / ma / 2
        //                   dVdx = sign(y)*dPdx.z / ma / 2
        //
        //     ma == |z|:    dUdx = size(z)*dPdx.x / ma / 2
        //                   dVdx = -dPdx.y / ma / 2
        //
        // Similarly for dy.

        // Create the function parameters: vec3 P, vec3 dPdx, vec3 dPdy,
        //                                 out vec2 dUVdx, out vec2 dUVdy
        const TType *vec3Type = StaticType::GetBasic<EbtFloat, 3>();
        TVariable *pVar =
            new TVariable(mSymbolTable, ImmutableString("P"), vec3Type, SymbolType::AngleInternal);
        TVariable *dPdxVar = new TVariable(mSymbolTable, ImmutableString("dPdx"), vec3Type,
                                           SymbolType::AngleInternal);
        TVariable *dPdyVar = new TVariable(mSymbolTable, ImmutableString("dPdy"), vec3Type,
                                           SymbolType::AngleInternal);

        const TType *vec2Type = StaticType::GetBasic<EbtFloat, 2>();
        TType *outVec2Type    = new TType(*vec2Type);
        outVec2Type->setQualifier(EvqOut);

        TVariable *dUVdxVar = new TVariable(mSymbolTable, ImmutableString("dUVdx"), outVec2Type,
                                            SymbolType::AngleInternal);
        TVariable *dUVdyVar = new TVariable(mSymbolTable, ImmutableString("dUVdy"), outVec2Type,
                                            SymbolType::AngleInternal);

        TIntermSymbol *p     = new TIntermSymbol(pVar);
        TIntermSymbol *dPdx  = new TIntermSymbol(dPdxVar);
        TIntermSymbol *dPdy  = new TIntermSymbol(dPdyVar);
        TIntermSymbol *dUVdx = new TIntermSymbol(dUVdxVar);
        TIntermSymbol *dUVdy = new TIntermSymbol(dUVdyVar);

        // Create the function body as statements are generated.
        TIntermBlock *body = new TIntermBlock;

        // Create the swizzle nodes that will be used in multiple expressions:
        TIntermSwizzle *x = new TIntermSwizzle(p->deepCopy(), {0});
        TIntermSwizzle *y = new TIntermSwizzle(p->deepCopy(), {1});
        TIntermSwizzle *z = new TIntermSwizzle(p->deepCopy(), {2});

        // Create abs and "< 0" expressions from the channels.
        const TType *floatType = StaticType::GetBasic<EbtFloat>();

        TIntermTyped *isNegX = new TIntermBinary(EOpLessThan, x, CreateZeroNode(*floatType));
        TIntermTyped *isNegY = new TIntermBinary(EOpLessThan, y, CreateZeroNode(*floatType));
        TIntermTyped *isNegZ = new TIntermBinary(EOpLessThan, z, CreateZeroNode(*floatType));

        TIntermSymbol *absX = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *absY = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *absZ = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));

        TIntermDeclaration *absXDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
            &absX->variable(), new TIntermUnary(EOpAbs, x->deepCopy(), nullptr));
        TIntermDeclaration *absYDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
            &absY->variable(), new TIntermUnary(EOpAbs, y->deepCopy(), nullptr));
        TIntermDeclaration *absZDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
            &absZ->variable(), new TIntermUnary(EOpAbs, z->deepCopy(), nullptr));

        body->appendStatement(absXDecl);
        body->appendStatement(absYDecl);
        body->appendStatement(absZDecl);

        // Create temporary variable for division outer product matrix and its
        // derivatives.
        // recipOuter[i][j] = 0.5 * P[j] / P[i]
        const TType *mat3Type     = StaticType::GetBasic<EbtFloat, 3, 3>();
        TIntermSymbol *recipOuter = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, mat3Type));

        TIntermTyped *pRecip     = new TIntermBinary(EOpDiv, CreateFloatNode(1.0), p->deepCopy());
        TIntermSymbol *pRecipVar = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec3Type));

        body->appendStatement(CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(&pRecipVar->variable(), pRecip));

        TIntermDeclaration *recipOuterDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
            &recipOuter->variable(),
            CreateBuiltInFunctionCallNode(
                "outerProduct",
                new TIntermSequence(
                    {p->deepCopy(), new TIntermBinary(EOpVectorTimesScalar, CreateFloatNode(0.5),
                                                      pRecipVar->deepCopy())}),
                *mSymbolTable, 300));
        body->appendStatement(recipOuterDecl);

        TIntermSymbol *dPDXdx = nullptr;
        TIntermSymbol *dPDYdx = nullptr;
        TIntermSymbol *dPDZdx = nullptr;
        TIntermSymbol *dPDXdy = nullptr;
        TIntermSymbol *dPDYdy = nullptr;
        TIntermSymbol *dPDZdy = nullptr;
        if (implicit)
        {
            dPDXdx = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec3Type));
            dPDYdx = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec3Type));
            dPDZdx = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec3Type));
            dPDXdy = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec3Type));
            dPDYdy = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec3Type));
            dPDZdy = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec3Type));

            TIntermDeclaration *dPDXdxDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
                &dPDXdx->variable(),
                new TIntermUnary(EOpDFdx, IndexDirect(recipOuter, 0)->deepCopy(), nullptr));
            TIntermDeclaration *dPDYdxDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
                &dPDYdx->variable(),
                new TIntermUnary(EOpDFdx, IndexDirect(recipOuter, 1)->deepCopy(), nullptr));
            TIntermDeclaration *dPDZdxDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
                &dPDZdx->variable(),
                new TIntermUnary(EOpDFdx, IndexDirect(recipOuter, 2)->deepCopy(), nullptr));
            TIntermDeclaration *dPDXdyDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
                &dPDXdy->variable(),
                new TIntermUnary(EOpDFdy, IndexDirect(recipOuter, 0)->deepCopy(), nullptr));
            TIntermDeclaration *dPDYdyDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
                &dPDYdy->variable(),
                new TIntermUnary(EOpDFdy, IndexDirect(recipOuter, 1)->deepCopy(), nullptr));
            TIntermDeclaration *dPDZdyDecl = CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(
                &dPDZdy->variable(),
                new TIntermUnary(EOpDFdy, IndexDirect(recipOuter, 2)->deepCopy(), nullptr));

            body->appendStatement(dPDXdxDecl);
            body->appendStatement(dPDYdxDecl);
            body->appendStatement(dPDZdxDecl);
            body->appendStatement(dPDXdyDecl);
            body->appendStatement(dPDYdyDecl);
            body->appendStatement(dPDZdyDecl);
        }

        // Create temporary variables for ma, uc, vc, and l (layer), as well as dUdx, dVdx, dUdy
        // and dVdy.
        TIntermSymbol *ma   = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *l    = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *uc   = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *vc   = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *dUdx = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *dVdx = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *dUdy = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
        TIntermSymbol *dVdy = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));

        body->appendStatement(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&ma->variable()));
        body->appendStatement(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&l->variable()));
        body->appendStatement(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&uc->variable()));
        body->appendStatement(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&vc->variable()));
        body->appendStatement(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&dUdx->variable()));
        body->appendStatement(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&dVdx->variable()));
        body->appendStatement(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&dUdy->variable()));
        body->appendStatement(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&dVdy->variable()));

        // ma = max(|x|, max(|y|, |z|))
        TIntermTyped *maxYZ = CreateBuiltInFunctionCallNode(
            "max", new TIntermSequence({absY->deepCopy(), absZ->deepCopy()}), *mSymbolTable, 100);
        TIntermTyped *maValue = CreateBuiltInFunctionCallNode(
            "max", new TIntermSequence({absX->deepCopy(), maxYZ}), *mSymbolTable, 100);
        body->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, ma, maValue));

        // ma == |x| and ma == |y| expressions
        TIntermTyped *isXMajor = new TIntermBinary(EOpEqual, ma->deepCopy(), absX->deepCopy());
        TIntermTyped *isYMajor = new TIntermBinary(EOpEqual, ma->deepCopy(), absY->deepCopy());

        // Determine the cube face:

        // The case where x is major:
        //     layer = float(x < 0)
        TIntermTyped *xl =
            TIntermAggregate::CreateConstructor(*floatType, new TIntermSequence({isNegX}));

        TIntermBlock *calculateXL = new TIntermBlock;
        calculateXL->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, l->deepCopy(), xl));

        // The case where y is major:
        //     layer = 2 + float(y < 0)
        TIntermTyped *yl = new TIntermBinary(
            EOpAdd, CreateFloatNode(2.0f),
            TIntermAggregate::CreateConstructor(*floatType, new TIntermSequence({isNegY})));

        TIntermBlock *calculateYL = new TIntermBlock;
        calculateYL->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, l->deepCopy(), yl));

        // The case where z is major:
        //     layer = 4 + float(z < 0)
        TIntermTyped *zl = new TIntermBinary(
            EOpAdd, CreateFloatNode(4.0f),
            TIntermAggregate::CreateConstructor(*floatType, new TIntermSequence({isNegZ})));

        TIntermBlock *calculateZL = new TIntermBlock;
        calculateZL->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, l->deepCopy(), zl));

        // Create the if-else paths:
        TIntermIfElse *calculateYZL     = new TIntermIfElse(isYMajor, calculateYL, calculateZL);
        TIntermBlock *calculateYZLBlock = new TIntermBlock;
        calculateYZLBlock->appendStatement(calculateYZL);
        TIntermIfElse *calculateXYZL = new TIntermIfElse(isXMajor, calculateXL, calculateYZLBlock);
        body->appendStatement(calculateXYZL);

        // layer < 1.5 (covering faces 0 and 1, corresponding to major axis being X) and layer < 3.5
        // (covering faces 2 and 3, corresponding to major axis being Y).  Used to determine which
        // of the three transformations to apply.  Previously, ma == |X| and ma == |Y| was used,
        // which is no longer correct for helper invocations.  The value of ma is updated in each
        // case for these invocations.
        isXMajor = new TIntermBinary(EOpLessThan, l->deepCopy(), CreateFloatNode(1.5f));
        isYMajor = new TIntermBinary(EOpLessThan, l->deepCopy(), CreateFloatNode(3.5f));

        TIntermSwizzle *dPdxX = new TIntermSwizzle(dPdx->deepCopy(), {0});
        TIntermSwizzle *dPdxY = new TIntermSwizzle(dPdx->deepCopy(), {1});
        TIntermSwizzle *dPdxZ = new TIntermSwizzle(dPdx->deepCopy(), {2});

        TIntermSwizzle *dPdyX = new TIntermSwizzle(dPdy->deepCopy(), {0});
        TIntermSwizzle *dPdyY = new TIntermSwizzle(dPdy->deepCopy(), {1});
        TIntermSwizzle *dPdyZ = new TIntermSwizzle(dPdy->deepCopy(), {2});

        TIntermBlock *calculateXUcVc = new TIntermBlock;
        calculateXUcVc->appendStatement(
            new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, ma->deepCopy(), absX->deepCopy()));
        TransformXMajor(calculateXUcVc, x, y, z, uc, vc);

        TIntermBlock *calculateYUcVc = new TIntermBlock;
        calculateYUcVc->appendStatement(
            new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, ma->deepCopy(), absY->deepCopy()));
        TransformYMajor(calculateYUcVc, x, y, z, uc, vc);

        TIntermBlock *calculateZUcVc = new TIntermBlock;
        calculateZUcVc->appendStatement(
            new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, ma->deepCopy(), absZ->deepCopy()));
        TransformZMajor(calculateZUcVc, x, y, z, uc, vc);

        // Compute derivatives.
        if (implicit)
        {
            TransformImplicitDerivativeXMajor(calculateXUcVc, dPDXdx, dUdx, dVdx);
            TransformImplicitDerivativeXMajor(calculateXUcVc, dPDXdy, dUdy, dVdy);
            TransformImplicitDerivativeYMajor(calculateYUcVc, dPDYdx, dUdx, dVdx);
            TransformImplicitDerivativeYMajor(calculateYUcVc, dPDYdy, dUdy, dVdy);
            TransformImplicitDerivativeZMajor(calculateZUcVc, dPDZdx, dUdx, dVdx);
            TransformImplicitDerivativeZMajor(calculateZUcVc, dPDZdy, dUdy, dVdy);
        }
        else
        {
            TransformDerivativeXMajor(calculateXUcVc, mSymbolTable, x, y, z, dPdxX, dPdxY, dPdxZ,
                                      dUdx, dVdx, Swizzle1(pRecipVar->deepCopy(), 0));
            TransformDerivativeXMajor(calculateXUcVc, mSymbolTable, x, y, z, dPdyX, dPdyY, dPdyZ,
                                      dUdy, dVdy, Swizzle1(pRecipVar->deepCopy(), 0));
            TransformDerivativeYMajor(calculateYUcVc, mSymbolTable, x, y, z, dPdxX, dPdxY, dPdxZ,
                                      dUdx, dVdx, Swizzle1(pRecipVar->deepCopy(), 1));
            TransformDerivativeYMajor(calculateYUcVc, mSymbolTable, x, y, z, dPdyX, dPdyY, dPdyZ,
                                      dUdy, dVdy, Swizzle1(pRecipVar->deepCopy(), 1));
            TransformDerivativeZMajor(calculateZUcVc, mSymbolTable, x, y, z, dPdxX, dPdxY, dPdxZ,
                                      dUdx, dVdx, Swizzle1(pRecipVar->deepCopy(), 2));
            TransformDerivativeZMajor(calculateZUcVc, mSymbolTable, x, y, z, dPdyX, dPdyY, dPdyZ,
                                      dUdy, dVdy, Swizzle1(pRecipVar->deepCopy(), 2));
        }

        // Create the if-else paths:
        TIntermIfElse *calculateYZUcVc =
            new TIntermIfElse(isYMajor, calculateYUcVc, calculateZUcVc);
        TIntermBlock *calculateYZUcVcBlock = new TIntermBlock;
        calculateYZUcVcBlock->appendStatement(calculateYZUcVc);
        TIntermIfElse *calculateXYZUcVc =
            new TIntermIfElse(isXMajor, calculateXUcVc, calculateYZUcVcBlock);
        body->appendStatement(calculateXYZUcVc);

        // u = (1 + uc/|ma|) / 2
        // v = (1 + vc/|ma|) / 2
        TIntermTyped *maTimesTwoRecip =
            new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, ma->deepCopy(),
                              new TIntermBinary(EOpDiv, CreateFloatNode(0.5f), ma->deepCopy()));
        body->appendStatement(maTimesTwoRecip);

        TIntermTyped *ucDivMa     = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, uc, ma->deepCopy());
        TIntermTyped *vcDivMa     = new TIntermBinary(EOpMul, vc, ma->deepCopy());
        TIntermTyped *uNormalized = new TIntermBinary(EOpAdd, CreateFloatNode(0.5f), ucDivMa);
        TIntermTyped *vNormalized = new TIntermBinary(EOpAdd, CreateFloatNode(0.5f), vcDivMa);

        body->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, uc->deepCopy(), uNormalized));
        body->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, vc->deepCopy(), vNormalized));

        TIntermTyped *dUVdxValue =
            TIntermAggregate::CreateConstructor(*vec2Type, new TIntermSequence({dUdx, dVdx}));
        TIntermTyped *dUVdyValue =
            TIntermAggregate::CreateConstructor(*vec2Type, new TIntermSequence({dUdy, dVdy}));

        body->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, dUVdx, dUVdxValue));
        body->appendStatement(new TIntermBinary(EOpAssign, dUVdy, dUVdyValue));

        // return vec3(u, v, l)
        TIntermBranch *returnStatement = new TIntermBranch(
            EOpReturn, TIntermAggregate::CreateConstructor(
                           *vec3Type, new TIntermSequence({uc->deepCopy(), vc->deepCopy(), l})));
        body->appendStatement(returnStatement);

        TFunction *function;
        function = new TFunction(mSymbolTable, name, SymbolType::AngleInternal, vec3Type, true);
        function->addParameter(pVar);
        function->addParameter(dPdxVar);
        function->addParameter(dPdyVar);
        function->addParameter(dUVdxVar);
        function->addParameter(dUVdyVar);

        *functionOut = function;

        *declOut = CreateInternalFunctionDefinitionNode(*function, body);
    }

    TIntermTyped *createCoordTransformationCall(TIntermTyped *P,
                                                TIntermTyped *dPdx,
                                                TIntermTyped *dPdy,
                                                TIntermTyped *dUVdx,
                                                TIntermTyped *dUVdy)
    {
        TIntermSequence *args = new TIntermSequence({P, dPdx, dPdy, dUVdx, dUVdy});
        return TIntermAggregate::CreateFunctionCall(*mCubeXYZToArrayUVL, args);
    }

    TIntermTyped *createImplicitCoordTransformationCall(TIntermTyped *P,
                                                        TIntermTyped *dUVdx,
                                                        TIntermTyped *dUVdy)
    {
        const TType *vec3Type = StaticType::GetBasic<EbtFloat, 3>();
        TIntermTyped *dPdx    = CreateZeroNode(*vec3Type);
        TIntermTyped *dPdy    = CreateZeroNode(*vec3Type);
        TIntermSequence *args = new TIntermSequence({P, dPdx, dPdy, dUVdx, dUVdy});
        return TIntermAggregate::CreateFunctionCall(*mCubeXYZToArrayUVLImplicit, args);
    }

    TVariable *convertFunctionParameter(TIntermNode *parent, const TVariable *param)
    {
        if (!param->getType().isSamplerCube())
        {
            return nullptr;
        }

        TType *newType = new TType(param->getType());
        newType->setBasicType(EbtSampler2DArray);

        TVariable *replacementVar =
            new TVariable(mSymbolTable, param->name(), newType, SymbolType::UserDefined);

        return replacementVar;
    }

    void convertBuiltinFunction(TIntermAggregate *node)
    {
        const TFunction *function = node->getFunction();
        if (!function->name().beginsWith("textureCube"))
        {
            return;
        }

        // All textureCube* functions are in the form:
        //
        //     textureCube??(samplerCube, vec3, ??)
        //
        // They should be converted to:
        //
        //     texture??(sampler2DArray, convertCoords(vec3), ??)
        //
        // We assume the target platform supports texture() functions (currently only used in
        // Vulkan).
        //
        // The intrinsics map as follows:
        //
        //     textureCube -> textureGrad
        //     textureCubeLod -> textureLod
        //     textureCubeLodEXT -> textureLod
        //     textureCubeGrad -> textureGrad
        //     textureCubeGradEXT -> textureGrad
        //
        // Note that dPdx and dPdy in textureCubeGrad* are vec3, while the textureGrad equivalent
        // for sampler2DArray is vec2.  The EXT_shader_texture_lod that introduces thid function
        // says:
        //
        // > For the "Grad" functions, dPdx is the explicit derivative of P with respect
        // > to window x, and similarly dPdy with respect to window y. ...  For a cube map texture,
        // > dPdx and dPdy are vec3.
        // >
        // > Let
        // >
        // >     dSdx = dPdx.s;
        // >     dSdy = dPdy.s;
        // >     dTdx = dPdx.t;
        // >     dTdy = dPdy.t;
        // >
        // > and
        // >
        // >             / 0.0;    for two-dimensional texture
        // >     dRdx = (
        // >             \ dPdx.p; for cube map texture
        // >
        // >             / 0.0;    for two-dimensional texture
        // >     dRdy = (
        // >             \ dPdy.p; for cube map texture
        // >
        // > (See equation 3.12a in The OpenGL ES 2.0 Specification.)
        //
        // It's unclear to me what dRdx and dRdy are.  EXT_gpu_shader4 that promotes this function
        // has the following additional information:
        //
        // > For the "Cube" versions, the partial
        // > derivatives ddx and ddy are assumed to be in the coordinate system used
        // > before texture coordinates are projected onto the appropriate cube
        // > face. The partial derivatives of the post-projection texture coordinates,
        // > which are used for level-of-detail and anisotropic filtering
        // > calculations, are derived from coord, ddx and ddy in an
        // > implementation-dependent manner.
        //
        // The calculation of dPdx and dPdy is declared as implementation-dependent, so we have
        // freedom to calculate it as fit, even if not precisely the same as hardware might.

        const char *substituteFunctionName = "textureGrad";
        bool isGrad                        = false;
        bool isTranslatedGrad              = true;
        bool hasBias                       = false;
        if (function->name().beginsWith("textureCubeLod"))
        {
            substituteFunctionName = "textureLod";
            isTranslatedGrad       = false;
        }
        else if (function->name().beginsWith("textureCubeGrad"))
        {
            isGrad = true;
        }
        else if (!mIsFragmentShader)
        {
            substituteFunctionName = "texture";
            isTranslatedGrad       = false;
        }

        TIntermSequence *arguments = node->getSequence();
        ASSERT(arguments->size() >= 2);

        const TType *vec2Type = StaticType::GetBasic<EbtFloat, 2>();
        const TType *vec3Type = StaticType::GetBasic<EbtFloat, 3>();
        TIntermSymbol *uvl    = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec3Type));
        TIntermSymbol *dUVdx  = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec2Type));
        TIntermSymbol *dUVdy  = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, vec2Type));

        TIntermTyped *dPdx = nullptr;
        TIntermTyped *dPdy = nullptr;
        if (isGrad)
        {
            ASSERT(arguments->size() == 4);
            dPdx = (*arguments)[2]->getAsTyped()->deepCopy();
            dPdy = (*arguments)[3]->getAsTyped()->deepCopy();
        }
        else if (isTranslatedGrad && mIsFragmentShader && arguments->size() == 3)
        {
            hasBias = true;
        }
        else
        {
            dPdx = CreateZeroNode(*vec3Type);
            dPdy = CreateZeroNode(*vec3Type);
        }

        if (isTranslatedGrad && !mIsFragmentShader)
        {
            substituteFunctionName = "texture";
            isTranslatedGrad       = false;
        }

        // The function call to transform the coordinates, dPdx and dPdy.  If not textureCubeGrad,
        // the driver compiler will optimize out the unnecessary calculations.
        TIntermSequence *coordTransform = new TIntermSequence;
        coordTransform->push_back(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&dUVdx->variable()));
        coordTransform->push_back(CreateTempDeclarationNode(&dUVdy->variable()));
        TIntermTyped *coordTransformCall;
        if (isGrad || !isTranslatedGrad)
        {
            coordTransformCall = createCoordTransformationCall(
                (*arguments)[1]->getAsTyped()->deepCopy(), dPdx, dPdy, dUVdx, dUVdy);
        }
        else
        {
            coordTransformCall = createImplicitCoordTransformationCall(
                (*arguments)[1]->getAsTyped()->deepCopy(), dUVdx, dUVdy);
        }
        coordTransform->push_back(
            CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(&uvl->variable(), coordTransformCall));

        TIntermTyped *dUVdxArg = dUVdx;
        TIntermTyped *dUVdyArg = dUVdy;
        if (hasBias)
        {
            const TType *floatType = StaticType::GetBasic<EbtFloat>();
            TIntermTyped *bias     = (*arguments)[2]->getAsTyped()->deepCopy();
            TIntermTyped *exp2Call = CreateBuiltInFunctionCallNode(
                "exp2", new TIntermSequence({bias}), *mSymbolTable, 100);
            TIntermSymbol *biasFac = new TIntermSymbol(CreateTempVariable(mSymbolTable, floatType));
            coordTransform->push_back(
                CreateTempInitDeclarationNode(&biasFac->variable(), exp2Call));
            dUVdxArg =
                new TIntermBinary(EOpVectorTimesScalar, biasFac->deepCopy(), dUVdx->deepCopy());
            dUVdyArg =
                new TIntermBinary(EOpVectorTimesScalar, biasFac->deepCopy(), dUVdy->deepCopy());
        }

        insertStatementsInParentBlock(*coordTransform);

        TIntermSequence *substituteArguments = new TIntermSequence;
        // Replace the first argument (samplerCube) with the sampler2DArray.
        substituteArguments->push_back(mRetyper.getFunctionCallArgReplacement((*arguments)[0]));
        // Replace the second argument with the coordination transformation.
        substituteArguments->push_back(uvl->deepCopy());
        if (isTranslatedGrad)
        {
            substituteArguments->push_back(dUVdxArg->deepCopy());
            substituteArguments->push_back(dUVdyArg->deepCopy());
        }
        else
        {
            // Pass the rest of the parameters as is.
            for (size_t argIndex = 2; argIndex < arguments->size(); ++argIndex)
            {
                substituteArguments->push_back((*arguments)[argIndex]->getAsTyped()->deepCopy());
            }
        }

        TIntermTyped *substituteCall = CreateBuiltInFunctionCallNode(
            substituteFunctionName, substituteArguments, *mSymbolTable, 300);

        queueReplacement(substituteCall, OriginalNode::IS_DROPPED);
    }

    RetypeOpaqueVariablesHelper mRetyper;

    // A helper function to convert xyz coordinates passed to a cube map sampling function into the
    // array layer (cube map face) and uv coordinates.
    TFunction *mCubeXYZToArrayUVL;
    // A specialized version of the same function which uses implicit derivatives.
    TFunction *mCubeXYZToArrayUVLImplicit;

    bool mIsFragmentShader;

    // Stored to be put before the first function after the pass.
    TIntermFunctionDefinition *mCoordTranslationFunctionDecl;
    TIntermFunctionDefinition *mCoordTranslationFunctionImplicitDecl;
};

}  // anonymous namespace

bool RewriteCubeMapSamplersAs2DArray(TCompiler *compiler,
                                     TIntermBlock *root,
                                     TSymbolTable *symbolTable,
                                     bool isFragmentShader)
{
    RewriteCubeMapSamplersAs2DArrayTraverser traverser(symbolTable, isFragmentShader);
    root->traverse(&traverser);
    if (!traverser.updateTree(compiler, root))
    {
        return false;
    }

    TIntermFunctionDefinition *coordTranslationFunctionDecl =
        traverser.getCoordTranslationFunctionDecl();
    TIntermFunctionDefinition *coordTranslationFunctionDeclImplicit =
        traverser.getCoordTranslationFunctionDeclImplicit();
    size_t firstFunctionIndex = FindFirstFunctionDefinitionIndex(root);
    if (coordTranslationFunctionDecl)
    {
        root->insertChildNodes(firstFunctionIndex, TIntermSequence({coordTranslationFunctionDecl}));
    }
    if (coordTranslationFunctionDeclImplicit)
    {
        root->insertChildNodes(firstFunctionIndex,
                               TIntermSequence({coordTranslationFunctionDeclImplicit}));
    }

    return compiler->validateAST(root);
}

}  // namespace sh