diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 1bcc8c8..464609b 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -28,17 +28,22 @@
     rev: v1.9.0
     hooks:
     -   id: reorder-python-imports
-        language_version: python3
+        args: [--py3-plus]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
     rev: v1.26.2
     hooks:
     -   id: pyupgrade
+        args: [--py36-plus]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/add-trailing-comma
     rev: v1.5.0
     hooks:
     -   id: add-trailing-comma
+        args: [--py36-plus]
+-   repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
+    rev: v1.6.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: setup-cfg-fmt
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
     rev: v0.761
     hooks:
     -   id: mypy
-        language_version: python3
diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index 1337dc6..dc3a57a 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 - template: job--pre-commit.yml@asottile
 - template: job--python-tox.yml@asottile
   parameters:
-    toxenvs: [py27, py37]
+    toxenvs: [py38]
     os: windows
 - template: job--python-tox.yml@asottile
   parameters:
-    toxenvs: [pypy, pypy3, py27, py36, py37]
+    toxenvs: [pypy3, py36, py37, py38]
     os: linux
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/autopep8_wrapper.py b/pre_commit_hooks/autopep8_wrapper.py
index 8b69a04..78a1cce 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/autopep8_wrapper.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/autopep8_wrapper.py
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-
-def main():  # type: () -> int
+def main() -> int:
     raise SystemExit(
         'autopep8-wrapper is deprecated.  Instead use autopep8 directly via '
         'https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-autopep8',
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_added_large_files.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_added_large_files.py
index be39498..91f5754 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_added_large_files.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_added_large_files.py
@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import json
 import math
 import os
-from typing import Iterable
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 from typing import Set
@@ -17,7 +11,7 @@
 from pre_commit_hooks.util import cmd_output
 
 
-def lfs_files():  # type: () -> Set[str]
+def lfs_files() -> Set[str]:
     try:
         # Introduced in git-lfs 2.2.0, first working in 2.2.1
         lfs_ret = cmd_output('git', 'lfs', 'status', '--json')
@@ -27,23 +21,20 @@
     return set(json.loads(lfs_ret)['files'])
 
 
-def find_large_added_files(filenames, maxkb):
-    # type: (Iterable[str], int) -> int
+def find_large_added_files(filenames: Sequence[str], maxkb: int) -> int:
     # Find all added files that are also in the list of files pre-commit tells
     # us about
-    filenames = (added_files() & set(filenames)) - lfs_files()
-
     retv = 0
-    for filename in filenames:
+    for filename in (added_files() & set(filenames)) - lfs_files():
         kb = int(math.ceil(os.stat(filename).st_size / 1024))
         if kb > maxkb:
-            print('{} ({} KB) exceeds {} KB.'.format(filename, kb, maxkb))
+            print(f'{filename} ({kb} KB) exceeds {maxkb} KB.')
             retv = 1
 
     return retv
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         'filenames', nargs='*',
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_ast.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_ast.py
index cb33ea0..2be6e1a 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_ast.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_ast.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import ast
 import platform
@@ -11,7 +7,7 @@
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -23,15 +19,11 @@
             with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
                 ast.parse(f.read(), filename=filename)
         except SyntaxError:
-            print(
-                '{}: failed parsing with {} {}:'.format(
-                    filename,
-                    platform.python_implementation(),
-                    sys.version.partition(' ')[0],
-                ),
-            )
+            impl = platform.python_implementation()
+            version = sys.version.split()[0]
+            print(f'{filename}: failed parsing with {impl} {version}:')
             tb = '    ' + traceback.format_exc().replace('\n', '\n    ')
-            print('\n{}'.format(tb))
+            print(f'\n{tb}')
             retval = 1
     return retval
 
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_builtin_literals.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_builtin_literals.py
index 4ddaa8c..6bcd838 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_builtin_literals.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_builtin_literals.py
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import ast
-import collections
-import sys
 from typing import List
+from typing import NamedTuple
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 from typing import Set
@@ -21,23 +18,26 @@
 }
 
 
-Call = collections.namedtuple('Call', ['name', 'line', 'column'])
+class Call(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    line: int
+    column: int
 
 
 class Visitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
-    def __init__(self, ignore=None, allow_dict_kwargs=True):
-        # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]], bool) -> None
-        self.builtin_type_calls = []  # type: List[Call]
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            ignore: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+            allow_dict_kwargs: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.builtin_type_calls: List[Call] = []
         self.ignore = set(ignore) if ignore else set()
         self.allow_dict_kwargs = allow_dict_kwargs
 
-    def _check_dict_call(self, node):  # type: (ast.Call) -> bool
-        return (
-            self.allow_dict_kwargs and
-            (getattr(node, 'kwargs', None) or getattr(node, 'keywords', None))
-        )
+    def _check_dict_call(self, node: ast.Call) -> bool:
+        return self.allow_dict_kwargs and bool(node.keywords)
 
-    def visit_Call(self, node):  # type: (ast.Call) -> None
+    def visit_Call(self, node: ast.Call) -> None:
         if not isinstance(node.func, ast.Name):
             # Ignore functions that are object attributes (`foo.bar()`).
             # Assume that if the user calls `builtins.list()`, they know what
@@ -54,8 +54,11 @@
         )
 
 
-def check_file(filename, ignore=None, allow_dict_kwargs=True):
-    # type: (str, Optional[Sequence[str]], bool) -> List[Call]
+def check_file(
+        filename: str,
+        ignore: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+        allow_dict_kwargs: bool = True,
+) -> List[Call]:
     with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
         tree = ast.parse(f.read(), filename=filename)
     visitor = Visitor(ignore=ignore, allow_dict_kwargs=allow_dict_kwargs)
@@ -63,11 +66,11 @@
     return visitor.builtin_type_calls
 
 
-def parse_ignore(value):  # type: (str) -> Set[str]
+def parse_ignore(value: str) -> Set[str]:
     return set(value.split(','))
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*')
     parser.add_argument('--ignore', type=parse_ignore, default=set())
@@ -93,15 +96,11 @@
             rc = rc or 1
         for call in calls:
             print(
-                '{filename}:{call.line}:{call.column}: '
-                'replace {call.name}() with {replacement}'.format(
-                    filename=filename,
-                    call=call,
-                    replacement=BUILTIN_TYPES[call.name],
-                ),
+                f'{filename}:{call.line}:{call.column}: '
+                f'replace {call.name}() with {BUILTIN_TYPES[call.name]}',
             )
     return rc
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_byte_order_marker.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_byte_order_marker.py
index 10667c3..c0c2969 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_byte_order_marker.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_byte_order_marker.py
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to check')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -18,7 +14,7 @@
         with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
             if f.read(3) == b'\xef\xbb\xbf':
                 retv = 1
-                print('{}: Has a byte-order marker'.format(filename))
+                print(f'{filename}: Has a byte-order marker')
 
     return retv
 
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_case_conflict.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_case_conflict.py
index e343d61..6b8ba82 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_case_conflict.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_case_conflict.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 from typing import Iterable
 from typing import Optional
@@ -12,11 +8,11 @@
 from pre_commit_hooks.util import cmd_output
 
 
-def lower_set(iterable):  # type: (Iterable[str]) -> Set[str]
+def lower_set(iterable: Iterable[str]) -> Set[str]:
     return {x.lower() for x in iterable}
 
 
-def find_conflicting_filenames(filenames):  # type: (Sequence[str]) -> int
+def find_conflicting_filenames(filenames: Sequence[str]) -> int:
     repo_files = set(cmd_output('git', 'ls-files').splitlines())
     relevant_files = set(filenames) | added_files()
     repo_files -= relevant_files
@@ -39,13 +35,13 @@
             if x.lower() in conflicts
         ]
         for filename in sorted(conflicting_files):
-            print('Case-insensitivity conflict found: {}'.format(filename))
+            print(f'Case-insensitivity conflict found: {filename}')
         retv = 1
 
     return retv
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         'filenames', nargs='*',
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_docstring_first.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_docstring_first.py
index 6c19381..875c0fb 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_docstring_first.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_docstring_first.py
@@ -1,30 +1,17 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import io
 import tokenize
+from tokenize import tokenize as tokenize_tokenize
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
-import six
-
-if six.PY2:  # pragma: no cover (PY2)
-    from tokenize import generate_tokens as tokenize_tokenize
-    OTHER_NON_CODE = ()
-else:  # pragma: no cover (PY3)
-    from tokenize import tokenize as tokenize_tokenize
-    OTHER_NON_CODE = (tokenize.ENCODING,)
-
-NON_CODE_TOKENS = frozenset(
-    (tokenize.COMMENT, tokenize.ENDMARKER, tokenize.NEWLINE, tokenize.NL) +
-    OTHER_NON_CODE,
-)
+NON_CODE_TOKENS = frozenset((
+    tokenize.COMMENT, tokenize.ENDMARKER, tokenize.NEWLINE, tokenize.NL,
+    tokenize.ENCODING,
+))
 
 
-def check_docstring_first(src, filename='<unknown>'):
-    # type: (bytes, str) -> int
+def check_docstring_first(src: bytes, filename: str = '<unknown>') -> int:
     """Returns nonzero if the source has what looks like a docstring that is
     not at the beginning of the source.
 
@@ -40,18 +27,14 @@
         if tok_type == tokenize.STRING and scol == 0:
             if found_docstring_line is not None:
                 print(
-                    '{}:{} Multiple module docstrings '
-                    '(first docstring on line {}).'.format(
-                        filename, sline, found_docstring_line,
-                    ),
+                    f'{filename}:{sline} Multiple module docstrings '
+                    f'(first docstring on line {found_docstring_line}).',
                 )
                 return 1
             elif found_code_line is not None:
                 print(
-                    '{}:{} Module docstring appears after code '
-                    '(code seen on line {}).'.format(
-                        filename, sline, found_code_line,
-                    ),
+                    f'{filename}:{sline} Module docstring appears after code '
+                    f'(code seen on line {found_code_line}).',
                 )
                 return 1
             else:
@@ -62,7 +45,7 @@
     return 0
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_executables_have_shebangs.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_executables_have_shebangs.py
index 4db2f9f..c34c7b7 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_executables_have_shebangs.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_executables_have_shebangs.py
@@ -1,28 +1,22 @@
 """Check that executable text files have a shebang."""
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
-import pipes
+import shlex
 import sys
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def check_has_shebang(path):  # type: (str) -> int
+def check_has_shebang(path: str) -> int:
     with open(path, 'rb') as f:
         first_bytes = f.read(2)
 
     if first_bytes != b'#!':
+        quoted = shlex.quote(path)
         print(
-            '{path}: marked executable but has no (or invalid) shebang!\n'
-            "  If it isn't supposed to be executable, try: chmod -x {quoted}\n"
-            '  If it is supposed to be executable, double-check its shebang.'
-            .format(
-                path=path,
-                quoted=pipes.quote(path),
-            ),
+            f'{path}: marked executable but has no (or invalid) shebang!\n'
+            f"  If it isn't supposed to be executable, try: "
+            f'`chmod -x {quoted}`\n'
+            f'  If it is supposed to be executable, double-check its shebang.',
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
         return 1
@@ -30,7 +24,7 @@
         return 0
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_json.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_json.py
index f26e0a5..25dbfd9 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_json.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_json.py
@@ -1,27 +1,25 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
-import io
 import json
-import sys
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to check.')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
 
     retval = 0
     for filename in args.filenames:
-        try:
-            json.load(io.open(filename, encoding='UTF-8'))
-        except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError) as exc:
-            print('{}: Failed to json decode ({})'.format(filename, exc))
-            retval = 1
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            try:
+                json.load(f)
+            # TODO: need UnicodeDecodeError?
+            except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError) as exc:
+                print(f'{filename}: Failed to json decode ({exc})')
+                retval = 1
     return retval
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_merge_conflict.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_merge_conflict.py
index 2a03c3a..c20a8af 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_merge_conflict.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_merge_conflict.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import os.path
 from typing import Optional
@@ -12,10 +10,9 @@
     b'=======\n',
     b'>>>>>>> ',
 ]
-WARNING_MSG = 'Merge conflict string "{0}" found in {1}:{2}'
 
 
-def is_in_merge():  # type: () -> int
+def is_in_merge() -> int:
     return (
         os.path.exists(os.path.join('.git', 'MERGE_MSG')) and
         (
@@ -26,7 +23,7 @@
     )
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*')
     parser.add_argument('--assume-in-merge', action='store_true')
@@ -42,9 +39,8 @@
                 for pattern in CONFLICT_PATTERNS:
                     if line.startswith(pattern):
                         print(
-                            WARNING_MSG.format(
-                                pattern.decode(), filename, i + 1,
-                            ),
+                            f'Merge conflict string "{pattern.decode()}" '
+                            f'found in {filename}:{i + 1}',
                         )
                         retcode = 1
 
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_symlinks.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_symlinks.py
index 736bf99..f014714 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_symlinks.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_symlinks.py
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import os.path
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Checks for broken symlinks.')
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to check')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -20,7 +16,7 @@
                 os.path.islink(filename) and
                 not os.path.exists(filename)
         ):  # pragma: no cover (symlink support required)
-            print('{}: Broken symlink'.format(filename))
+            print(f'{filename}: Broken symlink')
             retv = 1
 
     return retv
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_toml.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_toml.py
index e16e17c..51a1f15 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_toml.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_toml.py
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
-import sys
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 import toml
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to check.')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -19,10 +16,10 @@
             with open(filename) as f:
                 toml.load(f)
         except toml.TomlDecodeError as exc:
-            print('{}: {}'.format(filename, exc))
+            print(f'{filename}: {exc}')
             retval = 1
     return retval
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_vcs_permalinks.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_vcs_permalinks.py
index f6e2a7d..bf698e1 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_vcs_permalinks.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_vcs_permalinks.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import re
 import sys
@@ -14,19 +10,19 @@
 )
 
 
-def _check_filename(filename):  # type: (str) -> int
+def _check_filename(filename: str) -> int:
     retv = 0
     with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
         for i, line in enumerate(f, 1):
             if GITHUB_NON_PERMALINK.search(line):
-                sys.stdout.write('{}:{}:'.format(filename, i))
+                sys.stdout.write(f'{filename}:{i}:')
                 sys.stdout.flush()
-                getattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer', sys.stdout).write(line)
+                sys.stdout.buffer.write(line)
                 retv = 1
     return retv
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_xml.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_xml.py
index 66e10ba..eddfdf9 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_xml.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_xml.py
@@ -1,30 +1,26 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
-import io
-import sys
 import xml.sax.handler
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='XML filenames to check.')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
 
     retval = 0
+    handler = xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler()
     for filename in args.filenames:
         try:
-            with io.open(filename, 'rb') as xml_file:
-                xml.sax.parse(xml_file, xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler())
+            with open(filename, 'rb') as xml_file:
+                # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/3725
+                xml.sax.parse(xml_file, handler)  # type: ignore
         except xml.sax.SAXException as exc:
-            print('{}: Failed to xml parse ({})'.format(filename, exc))
+            print(f'{filename}: Failed to xml parse ({exc})')
             retval = 1
     return retval
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_yaml.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_yaml.py
index 5b66485..7453f6f 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_yaml.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_yaml.py
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
-import collections
-import io
-import sys
 from typing import Any
 from typing import Generator
+from typing import NamedTuple
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
@@ -14,20 +10,24 @@
 yaml = ruamel.yaml.YAML(typ='safe')
 
 
-def _exhaust(gen):  # type: (Generator[str, None, None]) -> None
+def _exhaust(gen: Generator[str, None, None]) -> None:
     for _ in gen:
         pass
 
 
-def _parse_unsafe(*args, **kwargs):  # type: (*Any, **Any) -> None
+def _parse_unsafe(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
     _exhaust(yaml.parse(*args, **kwargs))
 
 
-def _load_all(*args, **kwargs):  # type: (*Any, **Any) -> None
+def _load_all(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
     _exhaust(yaml.load_all(*args, **kwargs))
 
 
-Key = collections.namedtuple('Key', ('multi', 'unsafe'))
+class Key(NamedTuple):
+    multi: bool
+    unsafe: bool
+
+
 LOAD_FNS = {
     Key(multi=False, unsafe=False): yaml.load,
     Key(multi=False, unsafe=True): _parse_unsafe,
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 }
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         '-m', '--multi', '--allow-multiple-documents', action='store_true',
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
     retval = 0
     for filename in args.filenames:
         try:
-            with io.open(filename, encoding='UTF-8') as f:
+            with open(filename, encoding='UTF-8') as f:
                 load_fn(f)
         except ruamel.yaml.YAMLError as exc:
             print(exc)
@@ -68,4 +68,4 @@
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/debug_statement_hook.py b/pre_commit_hooks/debug_statement_hook.py
index 4864873..00423ac 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/debug_statement_hook.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/debug_statement_hook.py
@@ -1,35 +1,38 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import ast
-import collections
 import traceback
 from typing import List
+from typing import NamedTuple
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
 DEBUG_STATEMENTS = {'pdb', 'ipdb', 'pudb', 'q', 'rdb', 'rpdb'}
-Debug = collections.namedtuple('Debug', ('line', 'col', 'name', 'reason'))
+
+
+class Debug(NamedTuple):
+    line: int
+    col: int
+    name: str
+    reason: str
 
 
 class DebugStatementParser(ast.NodeVisitor):
-    def __init__(self):  # type: () -> None
-        self.breakpoints = []  # type: List[Debug]
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.breakpoints: List[Debug] = []
 
-    def visit_Import(self, node):  # type: (ast.Import) -> None
+    def visit_Import(self, node: ast.Import) -> None:
         for name in node.names:
             if name.name in DEBUG_STATEMENTS:
                 st = Debug(node.lineno, node.col_offset, name.name, 'imported')
                 self.breakpoints.append(st)
 
-    def visit_ImportFrom(self, node):  # type: (ast.ImportFrom) -> None
+    def visit_ImportFrom(self, node: ast.ImportFrom) -> None:
         if node.module in DEBUG_STATEMENTS:
             st = Debug(node.lineno, node.col_offset, node.module, 'imported')
             self.breakpoints.append(st)
 
-    def visit_Call(self, node):  # type: (ast.Call) -> None
+    def visit_Call(self, node: ast.Call) -> None:
         """python3.7+ breakpoint()"""
         if isinstance(node.func, ast.Name) and node.func.id == 'breakpoint':
             st = Debug(node.lineno, node.col_offset, node.func.id, 'called')
@@ -37,12 +40,12 @@
         self.generic_visit(node)
 
 
-def check_file(filename):  # type: (str) -> int
+def check_file(filename: str) -> int:
     try:
         with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
             ast_obj = ast.parse(f.read(), filename=filename)
     except SyntaxError:
-        print('{} - Could not parse ast'.format(filename))
+        print(f'{filename} - Could not parse ast')
         print()
         print('\t' + traceback.format_exc().replace('\n', '\n\t'))
         print()
@@ -52,16 +55,12 @@
     visitor.visit(ast_obj)
 
     for bp in visitor.breakpoints:
-        print(
-            '{}:{}:{} - {} {}'.format(
-                filename, bp.line, bp.col, bp.name, bp.reason,
-            ),
-        )
+        print(f'{filename}:{bp.line}:{bp.col} - {bp.name} {bp.reason}')
 
     return int(bool(visitor.breakpoints))
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to run')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/detect_aws_credentials.py b/pre_commit_hooks/detect_aws_credentials.py
index da80ab4..fe18f4d 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/detect_aws_credentials.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/detect_aws_credentials.py
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
+import configparser
 import os
-from typing import Dict
 from typing import List
+from typing import NamedTuple
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 from typing import Set
 
-from six.moves import configparser
+
+class BadFile(NamedTuple):
+    filename: str
+    key: str
 
 
-def get_aws_cred_files_from_env():  # type: () -> Set[str]
+def get_aws_cred_files_from_env() -> Set[str]:
     """Extract credential file paths from environment variables."""
     return {
         os.environ[env_var]
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@
     }
 
 
-def get_aws_secrets_from_env():  # type: () -> Set[str]
+def get_aws_secrets_from_env() -> Set[str]:
     """Extract AWS secrets from environment variables."""
     keys = set()
     for env_var in (
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@
     return keys
 
 
-def get_aws_secrets_from_file(credentials_file):  # type: (str) -> Set[str]
+def get_aws_secrets_from_file(credentials_file: str) -> Set[str]:
     """Extract AWS secrets from configuration files.
 
     Read an ini-style configuration file and return a set with all found AWS
@@ -66,8 +67,10 @@
     return keys
 
 
-def check_file_for_aws_keys(filenames, keys):
-    # type: (Sequence[str], Set[str]) -> List[Dict[str, str]]
+def check_file_for_aws_keys(
+        filenames: Sequence[str],
+        keys: Set[str],
+) -> List[BadFile]:
     """Check if files contain AWS secrets.
 
     Return a list of all files containing AWS secrets and keys found, with all
@@ -82,13 +85,11 @@
                 # naively match the entire file, low chance of incorrect
                 # collision
                 if key in text_body:
-                    bad_files.append({
-                        'filename': filename, 'key': key[:4] + '*' * 28,
-                    })
+                    bad_files.append(BadFile(filename, key[:4].ljust(28, '*')))
     return bad_files
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='+', help='Filenames to run')
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@
     # of files to to gather AWS secrets from.
     credential_files |= get_aws_cred_files_from_env()
 
-    keys = set()  # type: Set[str]
+    keys: Set[str] = set()
     for credential_file in credential_files:
         keys |= get_aws_secrets_from_file(credential_file)
 
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@
     bad_filenames = check_file_for_aws_keys(args.filenames, keys)
     if bad_filenames:
         for bad_file in bad_filenames:
-            print('AWS secret found in {filename}: {key}'.format(**bad_file))
+            print(f'AWS secret found in {bad_file.filename}: {bad_file.key}')
         return 1
     else:
         return 0
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/detect_private_key.py b/pre_commit_hooks/detect_private_key.py
index d31957d..7bbc2f9 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/detect_private_key.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/detect_private_key.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
-import sys
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
@@ -17,7 +14,7 @@
 ]
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to check')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -32,11 +29,11 @@
 
     if private_key_files:
         for private_key_file in private_key_files:
-            print('Private key found: {}'.format(private_key_file))
+            print(f'Private key found: {private_key_file}')
         return 1
     else:
         return 0
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/end_of_file_fixer.py b/pre_commit_hooks/end_of_file_fixer.py
index 4e77c94..1c07379 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/end_of_file_fixer.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/end_of_file_fixer.py
@@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import os
-import sys
 from typing import IO
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def fix_file(file_obj):  # type: (IO[bytes]) -> int
+def fix_file(file_obj: IO[bytes]) -> int:
     # Test for newline at end of file
     # Empty files will throw IOError here
     try:
         file_obj.seek(-1, os.SEEK_END)
-    except IOError:
+    except OSError:
         return 0
     last_character = file_obj.read(1)
     # last_character will be '' for an empty file
@@ -52,7 +48,7 @@
     return 0
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to fix')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -64,11 +60,11 @@
         with open(filename, 'rb+') as file_obj:
             ret_for_file = fix_file(file_obj)
             if ret_for_file:
-                print('Fixing {}'.format(filename))
+                print(f'Fixing {filename}')
             retv |= ret_for_file
 
     return retv
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/file_contents_sorter.py b/pre_commit_hooks/file_contents_sorter.py
index 1598d2d..41ce306 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/file_contents_sorter.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/file_contents_sorter.py
@@ -9,10 +9,7 @@
 this hook on that file should reduce the instances of git merge
 conflicts and keep the file nicely ordered.
 """
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
-import sys
 from typing import IO
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
@@ -21,7 +18,7 @@
 FAIL = 1
 
 
-def sort_file_contents(f):  # type: (IO[bytes]) -> int
+def sort_file_contents(f: IO[bytes]) -> int:
     before = list(f)
     after = sorted([line.strip(b'\n\r') for line in before if line.strip()])
 
@@ -37,7 +34,7 @@
         return FAIL
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='+', help='Files to sort')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -49,7 +46,7 @@
             ret_for_file = sort_file_contents(file_obj)
 
             if ret_for_file:
-                print('Sorting {}'.format(arg))
+                print(f'Sorting {arg}')
 
             retv |= ret_for_file
 
@@ -57,4 +54,4 @@
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/fix_encoding_pragma.py b/pre_commit_hooks/fix_encoding_pragma.py
index 31bb52c..88d72ed 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/fix_encoding_pragma.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/fix_encoding_pragma.py
@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
-import collections
 from typing import IO
+from typing import NamedTuple
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
-from typing import Union
 
 DEFAULT_PRAGMA = b'# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-'
 
 
-def has_coding(line):  # type: (bytes) -> bool
+def has_coding(line: bytes) -> bool:
     if not line.strip():
         return False
     return (
@@ -25,30 +20,30 @@
     )
 
 
-class ExpectedContents(
-        collections.namedtuple(
-            'ExpectedContents', ('shebang', 'rest', 'pragma_status', 'ending'),
-        ),
-):
-    """
-    pragma_status:
-    - True: has exactly the coding pragma expected
-    - False: missing coding pragma entirely
-    - None: has a coding pragma, but it does not match
-    """
-    __slots__ = ()
+class ExpectedContents(NamedTuple):
+    shebang: bytes
+    rest: bytes
+    # True: has exactly the coding pragma expected
+    # False: missing coding pragma entirely
+    # None: has a coding pragma, but it does not match
+    pragma_status: Optional[bool]
+    ending: bytes
 
     @property
-    def has_any_pragma(self):  # type: () -> bool
+    def has_any_pragma(self) -> bool:
         return self.pragma_status is not False
 
-    def is_expected_pragma(self, remove):  # type: (bool) -> bool
+    def is_expected_pragma(self, remove: bool) -> bool:
         expected_pragma_status = not remove
         return self.pragma_status is expected_pragma_status
 
 
-def _get_expected_contents(first_line, second_line, rest, expected_pragma):
-    # type: (bytes, bytes, bytes, bytes) -> ExpectedContents
+def _get_expected_contents(
+        first_line: bytes,
+        second_line: bytes,
+        rest: bytes,
+        expected_pragma: bytes,
+) -> ExpectedContents:
     ending = b'\r\n' if first_line.endswith(b'\r\n') else b'\n'
 
     if first_line.startswith(b'#!'):
@@ -60,7 +55,7 @@
         rest = second_line + rest
 
     if potential_coding.rstrip(b'\r\n') == expected_pragma:
-        pragma_status = True  # type: Optional[bool]
+        pragma_status: Optional[bool] = True
     elif has_coding(potential_coding):
         pragma_status = None
     else:
@@ -72,8 +67,11 @@
     )
 
 
-def fix_encoding_pragma(f, remove=False, expected_pragma=DEFAULT_PRAGMA):
-    # type: (IO[bytes], bool, bytes) -> int
+def fix_encoding_pragma(
+        f: IO[bytes],
+        remove: bool = False,
+        expected_pragma: bytes = DEFAULT_PRAGMA,
+) -> int:
     expected = _get_expected_contents(
         f.readline(), f.readline(), f.read(), expected_pragma,
     )
@@ -103,21 +101,20 @@
     return 1
 
 
-def _normalize_pragma(pragma):  # type: (Union[bytes, str]) -> bytes
-    if not isinstance(pragma, bytes):
-        pragma = pragma.encode('UTF-8')
-    return pragma.rstrip()
+def _normalize_pragma(pragma: str) -> bytes:
+    return pragma.encode().rstrip()
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         'Fixes the encoding pragma of python files',
     )
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to fix')
     parser.add_argument(
         '--pragma', default=DEFAULT_PRAGMA, type=_normalize_pragma,
-        help='The encoding pragma to use.  Default: {}'.format(
-            DEFAULT_PRAGMA.decode(),
+        help=(
+            f'The encoding pragma to use.  '
+            f'Default: {DEFAULT_PRAGMA.decode()}'
         ),
     )
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -141,9 +138,7 @@
             retv |= file_ret
             if file_ret:
                 print(
-                    fmt.format(
-                        pragma=args.pragma.decode(), filename=filename,
-                    ),
+                    fmt.format(pragma=args.pragma.decode(), filename=filename),
                 )
 
     return retv
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/forbid_new_submodules.py b/pre_commit_hooks/forbid_new_submodules.py
index bdbd6f7..c144d72 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/forbid_new_submodules.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/forbid_new_submodules.py
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.util import cmd_output
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     # `argv` is ignored, pre-commit will send us a list of files that we
     # don't care about
     added_diff = cmd_output(
@@ -19,7 +15,7 @@
         metadata, filename = line.split('\t', 1)
         new_mode = metadata.split(' ')[1]
         if new_mode == '160000':
-            print('{}: new submodule introduced'.format(filename))
+            print(f'{filename}: new submodule introduced')
             retv = 1
 
     if retv:
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/mixed_line_ending.py b/pre_commit_hooks/mixed_line_ending.py
index 90aef03..0ef8e2c 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/mixed_line_ending.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/mixed_line_ending.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import collections
 from typing import Dict
@@ -17,7 +13,7 @@
 FIX_TO_LINE_ENDING = {'cr': CR, 'crlf': CRLF, 'lf': LF}
 
 
-def _fix(filename, contents, ending):  # type: (str, bytes, bytes) -> None
+def _fix(filename: str, contents: bytes, ending: bytes) -> None:
     new_contents = b''.join(
         line.rstrip(b'\r\n') + ending for line in contents.splitlines(True)
     )
@@ -25,11 +21,11 @@
         f.write(new_contents)
 
 
-def fix_filename(filename, fix):  # type: (str, str) -> int
+def fix_filename(filename: str, fix: str) -> int:
     with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
         contents = f.read()
 
-    counts = collections.defaultdict(int)  # type: Dict[bytes, int]
+    counts: Dict[bytes, int] = collections.defaultdict(int)
 
     for line in contents.splitlines(True):
         for ending in ALL_ENDINGS:
@@ -66,7 +62,7 @@
         return other_endings
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         '-f', '--fix',
@@ -81,9 +77,9 @@
     for filename in args.filenames:
         if fix_filename(filename, args.fix):
             if args.fix == 'no':
-                print('{}: mixed line endings'.format(filename))
+                print(f'{filename}: mixed line endings')
             else:
-                print('{}: fixed mixed line endings'.format(filename))
+                print(f'{filename}: fixed mixed line endings')
             retv = 1
     return retv
 
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/no_commit_to_branch.py b/pre_commit_hooks/no_commit_to_branch.py
index 3131059..fb1506f 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/no_commit_to_branch.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/no_commit_to_branch.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import re
 from typing import AbstractSet
@@ -10,8 +8,10 @@
 from pre_commit_hooks.util import cmd_output
 
 
-def is_on_branch(protected, patterns=frozenset()):
-    # type: (AbstractSet[str], AbstractSet[str]) -> bool
+def is_on_branch(
+        protected: AbstractSet[str],
+        patterns: AbstractSet[str] = frozenset(),
+) -> bool:
     try:
         ref_name = cmd_output('git', 'symbolic-ref', 'HEAD')
     except CalledProcessError:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     )
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         '-b', '--branch', action='append',
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/pretty_format_json.py b/pre_commit_hooks/pretty_format_json.py
index 7d515f4..25827dc 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/pretty_format_json.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/pretty_format_json.py
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
-import io
 import json
-import sys
-from collections import OrderedDict
 from difflib import unified_diff
 from typing import List
 from typing import Mapping
@@ -13,38 +8,36 @@
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import Union
 
-from six import text_type
-
 
 def _get_pretty_format(
-        contents, indent, ensure_ascii=True, sort_keys=True, top_keys=(),
-):  # type: (str, str, bool, bool, Sequence[str]) -> str
-    def pairs_first(pairs):
-        # type: (Sequence[Tuple[str, str]]) -> Mapping[str, str]
+        contents: str,
+        indent: str,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = True,
+        sort_keys: bool = True,
+        top_keys: Sequence[str] = (),
+) -> str:
+    def pairs_first(pairs: Sequence[Tuple[str, str]]) -> Mapping[str, str]:
         before = [pair for pair in pairs if pair[0] in top_keys]
         before = sorted(before, key=lambda x: top_keys.index(x[0]))
         after = [pair for pair in pairs if pair[0] not in top_keys]
         if sort_keys:
-            after = sorted(after, key=lambda x: x[0])
-        return OrderedDict(before + after)
+            after.sort()
+        return dict(before + after)
     json_pretty = json.dumps(
         json.loads(contents, object_pairs_hook=pairs_first),
         indent=indent,
         ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
-        # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue16333
-        separators=(',', ': '),
     )
-    # Ensure unicode (Py2) and add the newline that dumps does not end with.
-    return text_type(json_pretty) + '\n'
+    return f'{json_pretty}\n'
 
 
-def _autofix(filename, new_contents):  # type: (str, str) -> None
-    print('Fixing file {}'.format(filename))
-    with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='UTF-8') as f:
+def _autofix(filename: str, new_contents: str) -> None:
+    print(f'Fixing file {filename}')
+    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='UTF-8') as f:
         f.write(new_contents)
 
 
-def parse_num_to_int(s):  # type: (str) -> Union[int, str]
+def parse_num_to_int(s: str) -> Union[int, str]:
     """Convert string numbers to int, leaving strings as is."""
     try:
         return int(s)
@@ -52,18 +45,18 @@
         return s
 
 
-def parse_topkeys(s):  # type: (str) -> List[str]
+def parse_topkeys(s: str) -> List[str]:
     return s.split(',')
 
 
-def get_diff(source, target, file):  # type: (str, str, str) -> str
+def get_diff(source: str, target: str, file: str) -> str:
     source_lines = source.splitlines(True)
     target_lines = target.splitlines(True)
     diff = unified_diff(source_lines, target_lines, fromfile=file, tofile=file)
     return ''.join(diff)
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         '--autofix',
@@ -110,7 +103,7 @@
     status = 0
 
     for json_file in args.filenames:
-        with io.open(json_file, encoding='UTF-8') as f:
+        with open(json_file, encoding='UTF-8') as f:
             contents = f.read()
 
         try:
@@ -131,8 +124,8 @@
                 status = 1
         except ValueError:
             print(
-                'Input File {} is not a valid JSON, consider using check-json'
-                .format(json_file),
+                f'Input File {json_file} is not a valid JSON, consider using '
+                f'check-json',
             )
             return 1
 
@@ -140,4 +133,4 @@
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/requirements_txt_fixer.py b/pre_commit_hooks/requirements_txt_fixer.py
index 1aa0dff..dc41815 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/requirements_txt_fixer.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/requirements_txt_fixer.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 from typing import IO
 from typing import List
@@ -11,15 +9,13 @@
 FAIL = 1
 
 
-class Requirement(object):
-
-    def __init__(self):  # type: () -> None
-        super(Requirement, self).__init__()
-        self.value = None  # type: Optional[bytes]
-        self.comments = []   # type: List[bytes]
+class Requirement:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.value: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self.comments: List[bytes] = []
 
     @property
-    def name(self):  # type: () -> bytes
+    def name(self) -> bytes:
         assert self.value is not None, self.value
         for egg in (b'#egg=', b'&egg='):
             if egg in self.value:
@@ -27,7 +23,7 @@
 
         return self.value.lower().partition(b'==')[0]
 
-    def __lt__(self, requirement):  # type: (Requirement) -> int
+    def __lt__(self, requirement: 'Requirement') -> int:
         # \n means top of file comment, so always return True,
         # otherwise just do a string comparison with value.
         assert self.value is not None, self.value
@@ -39,10 +35,10 @@
             return self.name < requirement.name
 
 
-def fix_requirements(f):  # type: (IO[bytes]) -> int
-    requirements = []  # type: List[Requirement]
+def fix_requirements(f: IO[bytes]) -> int:
+    requirements: List[Requirement] = []
     before = list(f)
-    after = []  # type: List[bytes]
+    after: List[bytes] = []
 
     before_string = b''.join(before)
 
@@ -109,7 +105,7 @@
         return FAIL
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to fix')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -121,7 +117,7 @@
             ret_for_file = fix_requirements(file_obj)
 
             if ret_for_file:
-                print('Sorting {}'.format(arg))
+                print(f'Sorting {arg}')
 
             retv |= ret_for_file
 
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/sort_simple_yaml.py b/pre_commit_hooks/sort_simple_yaml.py
index a381679..8ebc84f 100755
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/sort_simple_yaml.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/sort_simple_yaml.py
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 In other words, we don't sort deeper than the top layer, and might corrupt
 complicated YAML files.
 """
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 from typing import List
 from typing import Optional
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@
 QUOTES = ["'", '"']
 
 
-def sort(lines):  # type: (List[str]) -> List[str]
+def sort(lines: List[str]) -> List[str]:
     """Sort a YAML file in alphabetical order, keeping blocks together.
 
     :param lines: array of strings (without newlines)
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@
     return new_lines
 
 
-def parse_block(lines, header=False):  # type: (List[str], bool) -> List[str]
+def parse_block(lines: List[str], header: bool = False) -> List[str]:
     """Parse and return a single block, popping off the start of `lines`.
 
     If parsing a header block, we stop after we reach a line that is not a
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@
     return block_lines
 
 
-def parse_blocks(lines):  # type: (List[str]) -> List[List[str]]
+def parse_blocks(lines: List[str]) -> List[List[str]]:
     """Parse and return all possible blocks, popping off the start of `lines`.
 
     :param lines: list of lines
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@
     return blocks
 
 
-def first_key(lines):  # type: (List[str]) -> str
+def first_key(lines: List[str]) -> str:
     """Returns a string representing the sort key of a block.
 
     The sort key is the first YAML key we encounter, ignoring comments, and
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@
         return ''  # not actually reached in reality
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to fix')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@
             new_lines = sort(lines)
 
             if lines != new_lines:
-                print('Fixing file `{filename}`'.format(filename=filename))
+                print(f'Fixing file `{filename}`')
                 f.seek(0)
                 f.write('\n'.join(new_lines) + '\n')
                 f.truncate()
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/string_fixer.py b/pre_commit_hooks/string_fixer.py
index 813ef64..3fdb6e2 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/string_fixer.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/string_fixer.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
 import io
 import re
@@ -13,7 +9,7 @@
 START_QUOTE_RE = re.compile('^[a-zA-Z]*"')
 
 
-def handle_match(token_text):  # type: (str) -> str
+def handle_match(token_text: str) -> str:
     if '"""' in token_text or "'''" in token_text:
         return token_text
 
@@ -28,7 +24,7 @@
         return token_text
 
 
-def get_line_offsets_by_line_no(src):  # type: (str) -> List[int]
+def get_line_offsets_by_line_no(src: str) -> List[int]:
     # Padded so we can index with line number
     offsets = [-1, 0]
     for line in src.splitlines(True):
@@ -36,8 +32,8 @@
     return offsets
 
 
-def fix_strings(filename):  # type: (str) -> int
-    with io.open(filename, encoding='UTF-8', newline='') as f:
+def fix_strings(filename: str) -> int:
+    with open(filename, encoding='UTF-8', newline='') as f:
         contents = f.read()
     line_offsets = get_line_offsets_by_line_no(contents)
 
@@ -57,14 +53,14 @@
 
     new_contents = ''.join(splitcontents)
     if contents != new_contents:
-        with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='UTF-8', newline='') as f:
+        with open(filename, 'w', encoding='UTF-8', newline='') as f:
             f.write(new_contents)
         return 1
     else:
         return 0
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*', help='Filenames to fix')
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -74,7 +70,7 @@
     for filename in args.filenames:
         return_value = fix_strings(filename)
         if return_value != 0:
-            print('Fixing strings in {}'.format(filename))
+            print(f'Fixing strings in {filename}')
         retv |= return_value
 
     return retv
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/tests_should_end_in_test.py b/pre_commit_hooks/tests_should_end_in_test.py
index d93595f..b8cf915 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/tests_should_end_in_test.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/tests_should_end_in_test.py
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import os.path
 import re
-import sys
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*')
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -27,14 +24,10 @@
                 not base == 'conftest.py'
         ):
             retcode = 1
-            print(
-                '{} does not match pattern "{}"'.format(
-                    filename, test_name_pattern,
-                ),
-            )
+            print(f'{filename} does not match pattern "{test_name_pattern}"')
 
     return retcode
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/trailing_whitespace_fixer.py b/pre_commit_hooks/trailing_whitespace_fixer.py
index a21b54f..05ed999 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/trailing_whitespace_fixer.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/trailing_whitespace_fixer.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import os
-import sys
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 
-def _fix_file(filename, is_markdown, chars):
-    # type: (str, bool, Optional[bytes]) -> bool
+def _fix_file(
+        filename: str,
+        is_markdown: bool,
+        chars: Optional[bytes],
+) -> bool:
     with open(filename, mode='rb') as file_processed:
         lines = file_processed.readlines()
     newlines = [_process_line(line, is_markdown, chars) for line in lines]
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@
         return False
 
 
-def _process_line(line, is_markdown, chars):
-    # type: (bytes, bool, Optional[bytes]) -> bytes
+def _process_line(
+        line: bytes,
+        is_markdown: bool,
+        chars: Optional[bytes],
+) -> bytes:
     if line[-2:] == b'\r\n':
         eol = b'\r\n'
         line = line[:-2]
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@
     return line.rstrip(chars) + eol
 
 
-def main(argv=None):  # type: (Optional[Sequence[str]]) -> int
+def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         '--no-markdown-linebreak-ext',
@@ -80,20 +83,20 @@
     for ext in md_exts:
         if any(c in ext[1:] for c in r'./\:'):
             parser.error(
-                'bad --markdown-linebreak-ext extension {!r} (has . / \\ :)\n'
-                "  (probably filename; use '--markdown-linebreak-ext=EXT')"
-                .format(ext),
+                f'bad --markdown-linebreak-ext extension '
+                f'{ext!r} (has . / \\ :)\n'
+                f"  (probably filename; use '--markdown-linebreak-ext=EXT')",
             )
-    chars = None if args.chars is None else args.chars.encode('utf-8')
+    chars = None if args.chars is None else args.chars.encode()
     return_code = 0
     for filename in args.filenames:
         _, extension = os.path.splitext(filename.lower())
         md = all_markdown or extension in md_exts
         if _fix_file(filename, md, chars):
-            print('Fixing {}'.format(filename))
+            print(f'Fixing {filename}')
             return_code = 1
     return return_code
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())
+    exit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/util.py b/pre_commit_hooks/util.py
index 3b960e3..e04b015 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/util.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/util.py
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import subprocess
 from typing import Any
+from typing import Optional
 from typing import Set
 
 
@@ -11,18 +8,17 @@
     pass
 
 
-def added_files():  # type: () -> Set[str]
+def added_files() -> Set[str]:
     cmd = ('git', 'diff', '--staged', '--name-only', '--diff-filter=A')
     return set(cmd_output(*cmd).splitlines())
 
 
-def cmd_output(*cmd, **kwargs):  # type: (*str, **Any) -> str
-    retcode = kwargs.pop('retcode', 0)
+def cmd_output(*cmd: str, retcode: Optional[int] = 0, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
     kwargs.setdefault('stdout', subprocess.PIPE)
     kwargs.setdefault('stderr', subprocess.PIPE)
     proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)
     stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
-    stdout = stdout.decode('UTF-8')
+    stdout = stdout.decode()
     if retcode is not None and proc.returncode != retcode:
         raise CalledProcessError(cmd, retcode, proc.returncode, stdout, stderr)
     return stdout
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 4b793f7..6b1a34d 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -11,13 +11,11 @@
 license_file = LICENSE
 classifiers =
     License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 2
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
     Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
     Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
 
@@ -27,9 +25,7 @@
     flake8
     ruamel.yaml>=0.15
     toml
-    six
-    typing; python_version<"3.5"
-python_requires = >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*
+python_requires = >=3.6
 
 [options.entry_points]
 console_scripts =
diff --git a/testing/util.py b/testing/util.py
index fac498c..8e468d6 100644
--- a/testing/util.py
+++ b/testing/util.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os.path
 
 
diff --git a/tests/autopep8_wrapper_test.py b/tests/autopep8_wrapper_test.py
index 615ec25..f8030b5 100644
--- a/tests/autopep8_wrapper_test.py
+++ b/tests/autopep8_wrapper_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.autopep8_wrapper import main
diff --git a/tests/check_added_large_files_test.py b/tests/check_added_large_files_test.py
index 2f67d1b..c33a9ca 100644
--- a/tests/check_added_large_files_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_added_large_files_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import distutils.spawn
 
 import pytest
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@
 @xfailif_no_gitlfs
 def test_allows_gitlfs(temp_git_dir, monkeypatch):  # pragma: no cover
     with temp_git_dir.as_cwd():
-        monkeypatch.setenv(str('HOME'), str(temp_git_dir.strpath))
+        monkeypatch.setenv('HOME', str(temp_git_dir.strpath))
         cmd_output('git', 'lfs', 'install')
         temp_git_dir.join('f.py').write('a' * 10000)
         cmd_output('git', 'lfs', 'track', 'f.py')
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@
 @xfailif_no_gitlfs
 def test_moves_with_gitlfs(temp_git_dir, monkeypatch):  # pragma: no cover
     with temp_git_dir.as_cwd():
-        monkeypatch.setenv(str('HOME'), str(temp_git_dir.strpath))
+        monkeypatch.setenv('HOME', str(temp_git_dir.strpath))
         cmd_output('git', 'lfs', 'install')
         cmd_output('git', 'lfs', 'track', 'a.bin', 'b.bin')
         # First add the file we're going to move
diff --git a/tests/check_ast_test.py b/tests/check_ast_test.py
index c16f5fc..686fd11 100644
--- a/tests/check_ast_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_ast_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_ast import main
 from testing.util import get_resource_path
 
diff --git a/tests/check_builtin_literals_test.py b/tests/check_builtin_literals_test.py
index 8e18854..01193e8 100644
--- a/tests/check_builtin_literals_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_builtin_literals_test.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_builtin_literals import Visitor
 
 BUILTIN_CONSTRUCTORS = '''\
-from six.moves import builtins
+import builtins
 
 c1 = complex()
 d1 = dict()
diff --git a/tests/check_byte_order_marker_test.py b/tests/check_byte_order_marker_test.py
index 53cb4a1..9995200 100644
--- a/tests/check_byte_order_marker_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_byte_order_marker_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from pre_commit_hooks import check_byte_order_marker
 
 
diff --git a/tests/check_case_conflict_test.py b/tests/check_case_conflict_test.py
index 077b41b..53de852 100644
--- a/tests/check_case_conflict_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_case_conflict_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_case_conflict import find_conflicting_filenames
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_case_conflict import main
 from pre_commit_hooks.util import cmd_output
diff --git a/tests/check_docstring_first_test.py b/tests/check_docstring_first_test.py
index 0973a58..7ad876f 100644
--- a/tests/check_docstring_first_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_docstring_first_test.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_docstring_first import check_docstring_first
diff --git a/tests/check_executables_have_shebangs_test.py b/tests/check_executables_have_shebangs_test.py
index 0cb9dcf..15f0c79 100644
--- a/tests/check_executables_have_shebangs_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_executables_have_shebangs_test.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_executables_have_shebangs import main
@@ -12,7 +8,7 @@
         b'#!/bin/bash\nhello world\n',
         b'#!/usr/bin/env python3.6',
         b'#!python',
-        '#!☃'.encode('UTF-8'),
+        '#!☃'.encode(),
     ),
 )
 def test_has_shebang(content, tmpdir):
@@ -27,7 +23,7 @@
         b' #!python\n',
         b'\n#!python\n',
         b'python\n',
-        '☃'.encode('UTF-8'),
+        '☃'.encode(),
 
     ),
 )
@@ -36,4 +32,4 @@
     path.write(content, 'wb')
     assert main((path.strpath,)) == 1
     _, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert stderr.startswith('{}: marked executable but'.format(path.strpath))
+    assert stderr.startswith(f'{path}: marked executable but')
diff --git a/tests/check_merge_conflict_test.py b/tests/check_merge_conflict_test.py
index af7cc43..9968507 100644
--- a/tests/check_merge_conflict_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_merge_conflict_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 import shutil
 
diff --git a/tests/check_toml_test.py b/tests/check_toml_test.py
index 1172c40..9f186d1 100644
--- a/tests/check_toml_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_toml_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_toml import main
 
 
diff --git a/tests/check_vcs_permalinks_test.py b/tests/check_vcs_permalinks_test.py
index 00e5396..b893c98 100644
--- a/tests/check_vcs_permalinks_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_vcs_permalinks_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_vcs_permalinks import main
 
 
diff --git a/tests/check_yaml_test.py b/tests/check_yaml_test.py
index d267150..2f869d1 100644
--- a/tests/check_yaml_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_yaml_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_yaml import main
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index da206cb..f98ae34 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.util import cmd_output
diff --git a/tests/debug_statement_hook_test.py b/tests/debug_statement_hook_test.py
index d15f5f7..f2cabc1 100644
--- a/tests/debug_statement_hook_test.py
+++ b/tests/debug_statement_hook_test.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import ast
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.debug_statement_hook import Debug
diff --git a/tests/fix_encoding_pragma_test.py b/tests/fix_encoding_pragma_test.py
index d94b725..f3531f2 100644
--- a/tests/fix_encoding_pragma_test.py
+++ b/tests/fix_encoding_pragma_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import io
 
 import pytest
@@ -129,9 +126,6 @@
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ('input_s', 'expected'),
     (
-        # Python 2 cli parameters are bytes
-        (b'# coding: utf-8', b'# coding: utf-8'),
-        # Python 3 cli parameters are text
         ('# coding: utf-8', b'# coding: utf-8'),
         # trailing whitespace
         ('# coding: utf-8\n', b'# coding: utf-8'),
@@ -149,7 +143,7 @@
     assert main((f.strpath, '--pragma', pragma)) == 1
     assert f.read() == '# coding: utf-8\nx = 1\n'
     out, _ = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert out == 'Added `# coding: utf-8` to {}\n'.format(f.strpath)
+    assert out == f'Added `# coding: utf-8` to {f.strpath}\n'
 
 
 def test_crlf_ok(tmpdir):
diff --git a/tests/forbid_new_submodules_test.py b/tests/forbid_new_submodules_test.py
index 523628d..7619182 100644
--- a/tests/forbid_new_submodules_test.py
+++ b/tests/forbid_new_submodules_test.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 import subprocess
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/mixed_line_ending_test.py b/tests/mixed_line_ending_test.py
index 8ae9354..c438f74 100644
--- a/tests/mixed_line_ending_test.py
+++ b/tests/mixed_line_ending_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.mixed_line_ending import main
@@ -86,7 +83,7 @@
     assert ret == 1
     assert path.read_binary() == contents
     out, _ = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert out == '{}: mixed line endings\n'.format(path)
+    assert out == f'{path}: mixed line endings\n'
 
 
 def test_fix_lf(tmpdir, capsys):
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@
     assert ret == 1
     assert path.read_binary() == b'foo\nbar\nbaz\n'
     out, _ = capsys.readouterr()
-    assert out == '{}: fixed mixed line endings\n'.format(path)
+    assert out == f'{path}: fixed mixed line endings\n'
 
 
 def test_fix_crlf(tmpdir):
diff --git a/tests/no_commit_to_branch_test.py b/tests/no_commit_to_branch_test.py
index a2ab1f1..72b32e6 100644
--- a/tests/no_commit_to_branch_test.py
+++ b/tests/no_commit_to_branch_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.no_commit_to_branch import is_on_branch
diff --git a/tests/pretty_format_json_test.py b/tests/pretty_format_json_test.py
index b42e504..59a87f0 100644
--- a/tests/pretty_format_json_test.py
+++ b/tests/pretty_format_json_test.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import shutil
 
 import pytest
-from six import PY2
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.pretty_format_json import main
 from pre_commit_hooks.pretty_format_json import parse_num_to_int
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@
     assert ret == expected_retval
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(PY2, reason='Requires Python3')
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ('filename', 'expected_retval'), (
         ('not_pretty_formatted_json.json', 1),
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@
         ('tab_pretty_formatted_json.json', 0),
     ),
 )
-def test_tab_main(filename, expected_retval):  # pragma: no cover
+def test_tab_main(filename, expected_retval):
     ret = main(['--indent', '\t', get_resource_path(filename)])
     assert ret == expected_retval
 
@@ -113,9 +111,9 @@
     expected_retval = 1
     a = os.path.join('a', resource_path)
     b = os.path.join('b', resource_path)
-    expected_out = '''\
---- {}
-+++ {}
+    expected_out = f'''\
+--- {a}
++++ {b}
 @@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
  {{
 -    "foo":
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@
 +  "blah": null,
 +  "foo": "bar"
  }}
-'''.format(a, b)
+'''
     actual_retval = main([resource_path])
     actual_out, actual_err = capsys.readouterr()
 
diff --git a/tests/readme_test.py b/tests/readme_test.py
index fd6d265..7df7fcf 100644
--- a/tests/readme_test.py
+++ b/tests/readme_test.py
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-import io
-
 from pre_commit_hooks.check_yaml import yaml
 
 
 def test_readme_contains_all_hooks():
-    with io.open('README.md', encoding='UTF-8') as f:
+    with open('README.md', encoding='UTF-8') as f:
         readme_contents = f.read()
-    with io.open('.pre-commit-hooks.yaml', encoding='UTF-8') as f:
+    with open('.pre-commit-hooks.yaml', encoding='UTF-8') as f:
         hooks = yaml.load(f)
     for hook in hooks:
-        assert '`{}`'.format(hook['id']) in readme_contents
+        assert f'`{hook["id"]}`' in readme_contents
diff --git a/tests/sort_simple_yaml_test.py b/tests/sort_simple_yaml_test.py
index 4261d5d..69ad388 100644
--- a/tests/sort_simple_yaml_test.py
+++ b/tests/sort_simple_yaml_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/string_fixer_test.py b/tests/string_fixer_test.py
index 4adca4a..77a51cf 100644
--- a/tests/string_fixer_test.py
+++ b/tests/string_fixer_test.py
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import textwrap
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/trailing_whitespace_fixer_test.py b/tests/trailing_whitespace_fixer_test.py
index 97f9aef..53177ac 100644
--- a/tests/trailing_whitespace_fixer_test.py
+++ b/tests/trailing_whitespace_fixer_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.trailing_whitespace_fixer import main
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@
         '\t\n'  # trailing tabs are stripped anyway
         '\n  ',  # whitespace at the end of the file is removed
     )
-    ret = main((path.strpath, '--markdown-linebreak-ext={}'.format(ext)))
+    ret = main((path.strpath, f'--markdown-linebreak-ext={ext}'))
     assert ret == 1
     assert path.read() == (
         'foo  \n'
diff --git a/tests/util_test.py b/tests/util_test.py
index 9b2d723..b42ee6f 100644
--- a/tests/util_test.py
+++ b/tests/util_test.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import pytest
 
 from pre_commit_hooks.util import CalledProcessError
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index a6b3fb4..cb58fee 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = py27,py36,py37,pypy,pypy3,pre-commit
+envlist = py36,py37,py38,pypy3,pre-commit
 
 [testenv]
 deps = -rrequirements-dev.txt