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# Copyright 2012, Google Inc.
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
"""Dispatch WebSocket request.
"""
import logging
import os
import re
from mod_pywebsocket import common
from mod_pywebsocket import handshake
from mod_pywebsocket import msgutil
from mod_pywebsocket import mux
from mod_pywebsocket import stream
from mod_pywebsocket import util
_SOURCE_PATH_PATTERN = re.compile(r'(?i)_wsh\.py$')
_SOURCE_SUFFIX = '_wsh.py'
_DO_EXTRA_HANDSHAKE_HANDLER_NAME = 'web_socket_do_extra_handshake'
_TRANSFER_DATA_HANDLER_NAME = 'web_socket_transfer_data'
_PASSIVE_CLOSING_HANDSHAKE_HANDLER_NAME = (
'web_socket_passive_closing_handshake')
class DispatchException(Exception):
"""Exception in dispatching WebSocket request."""
def __init__(self, name, status=common.HTTP_STATUS_NOT_FOUND):
super(DispatchException, self).__init__(name)
self.status = status
def _default_passive_closing_handshake_handler(request):
"""Default web_socket_passive_closing_handshake handler."""
return common.STATUS_NORMAL_CLOSURE, ''
def _normalize_path(path):
"""Normalize path.
Args:
path: the path to normalize.
Path is converted to the absolute path.
The input path can use either '\\' or '/' as the separator.
The normalized path always uses '/' regardless of the platform.
"""
path = path.replace('\\', os.path.sep)
path = os.path.realpath(path)
path = path.replace('\\', '/')
return path
def _create_path_to_resource_converter(base_dir):
"""Returns a function that converts the path of a WebSocket handler source
file to a resource string by removing the path to the base directory from
its head, removing _SOURCE_SUFFIX from its tail, and replacing path
separators in it with '/'.
Args:
base_dir: the path to the base directory.
"""
base_dir = _normalize_path(base_dir)
base_len = len(base_dir)
suffix_len = len(_SOURCE_SUFFIX)
def converter(path):
if not path.endswith(_SOURCE_SUFFIX):
return None
# _normalize_path must not be used because resolving symlink breaks
# following path check.
path = path.replace('\\', '/')
if not path.startswith(base_dir):
return None
return path[base_len:-suffix_len]
return converter
def _enumerate_handler_file_paths(directory):
"""Returns a generator that enumerates WebSocket Handler source file names
in the given directory.
"""
for root, unused_dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
for base in files:
path = os.path.join(root, base)
if _SOURCE_PATH_PATTERN.search(path):
yield path
class _HandlerSuite(object):
"""A handler suite holder class."""
def __init__(self, do_extra_handshake, transfer_data,
passive_closing_handshake):
self.do_extra_handshake = do_extra_handshake
self.transfer_data = transfer_data
self.passive_closing_handshake = passive_closing_handshake
def _source_handler_file(handler_definition):
"""Source a handler definition string.
Args:
handler_definition: a string containing Python statements that define
handler functions.
"""
global_dic = {}
try:
exec handler_definition in global_dic
except Exception:
raise DispatchException('Error in sourcing handler:' +
util.get_stack_trace())
passive_closing_handshake_handler = None
try:
passive_closing_handshake_handler = _extract_handler(
global_dic, _PASSIVE_CLOSING_HANDSHAKE_HANDLER_NAME)
except Exception:
passive_closing_handshake_handler = (
_default_passive_closing_handshake_handler)
return _HandlerSuite(
_extract_handler(global_dic, _DO_EXTRA_HANDSHAKE_HANDLER_NAME),
_extract_handler(global_dic, _TRANSFER_DATA_HANDLER_NAME),
passive_closing_handshake_handler)
def _extract_handler(dic, name):
"""Extracts a callable with the specified name from the given dictionary
dic.
"""
if name not in dic:
raise DispatchException('%s is not defined.' % name)
handler = dic[name]
if not callable(handler):
raise DispatchException('%s is not callable.' % name)
return handler
class Dispatcher(object):
"""Dispatches WebSocket requests.
This class maintains a map from resource name to handlers.
"""
def __init__(
self, root_dir, scan_dir=None,
allow_handlers_outside_root_dir=True):
"""Construct an instance.
Args:
root_dir: The directory where handler definition files are
placed.
scan_dir: The directory where handler definition files are
searched. scan_dir must be a directory under root_dir,
including root_dir itself. If scan_dir is None,
root_dir is used as scan_dir. scan_dir can be useful
in saving scan time when root_dir contains many
subdirectories.
allow_handlers_outside_root_dir: Scans handler files even if their
canonical path is not under root_dir.
"""
self._logger = util.get_class_logger(self)
self._handler_suite_map = {}
self._source_warnings = []
if scan_dir is None:
scan_dir = root_dir
if not os.path.realpath(scan_dir).startswith(
os.path.realpath(root_dir)):
raise DispatchException('scan_dir:%s must be a directory under '
'root_dir:%s.' % (scan_dir, root_dir))
self._source_handler_files_in_dir(
root_dir, scan_dir, allow_handlers_outside_root_dir)
def add_resource_path_alias(self,
alias_resource_path, existing_resource_path):
"""Add resource path alias.
Once added, request to alias_resource_path would be handled by
handler registered for existing_resource_path.
Args:
alias_resource_path: alias resource path
existing_resource_path: existing resource path
"""
try:
handler_suite = self._handler_suite_map[existing_resource_path]
self._handler_suite_map[alias_resource_path] = handler_suite
except KeyError:
raise DispatchException('No handler for: %r' %
existing_resource_path)
def source_warnings(self):
"""Return warnings in sourcing handlers."""
return self._source_warnings
def do_extra_handshake(self, request):
"""Do extra checking in WebSocket handshake.
Select a handler based on request.uri and call its
web_socket_do_extra_handshake function.
Args:
request: mod_python request.
Raises:
DispatchException: when handler was not found
AbortedByUserException: when user handler abort connection
HandshakeException: when opening handshake failed
"""
handler_suite = self.get_handler_suite(request.ws_resource)
if handler_suite is None:
raise DispatchException('No handler for: %r' % request.ws_resource)
do_extra_handshake_ = handler_suite.do_extra_handshake
try:
do_extra_handshake_(request)
except handshake.AbortedByUserException, e:
# Re-raise to tell the caller of this function to finish this
# connection without sending any error.
self._logger.debug('%s', util.get_stack_trace())
raise
except Exception, e:
util.prepend_message_to_exception(
'%s raised exception for %s: ' % (
_DO_EXTRA_HANDSHAKE_HANDLER_NAME,
request.ws_resource),
e)
raise handshake.HandshakeException(e, common.HTTP_STATUS_FORBIDDEN)
def transfer_data(self, request):
"""Let a handler transfer_data with a WebSocket client.
Select a handler based on request.ws_resource and call its
web_socket_transfer_data function.
Args:
request: mod_python request.
Raises:
DispatchException: when handler was not found
AbortedByUserException: when user handler abort connection
"""
# TODO(tyoshino): Terminate underlying TCP connection if possible.
try:
if mux.use_mux(request):
mux.start(request, self)
else:
handler_suite = self.get_handler_suite(request.ws_resource)
if handler_suite is None:
raise DispatchException('No handler for: %r' %
request.ws_resource)
transfer_data_ = handler_suite.transfer_data
transfer_data_(request)
if not request.server_terminated:
request.ws_stream.close_connection()
# Catch non-critical exceptions the handler didn't handle.
except handshake.AbortedByUserException, e:
self._logger.debug('%s', util.get_stack_trace())
raise
except msgutil.BadOperationException, e:
self._logger.debug('%s', e)
request.ws_stream.close_connection(
common.STATUS_INTERNAL_ENDPOINT_ERROR)
except msgutil.InvalidFrameException, e:
# InvalidFrameException must be caught before
# ConnectionTerminatedException that catches InvalidFrameException.
self._logger.debug('%s', e)
request.ws_stream.close_connection(common.STATUS_PROTOCOL_ERROR)
except msgutil.UnsupportedFrameException, e:
self._logger.debug('%s', e)
request.ws_stream.close_connection(common.STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_DATA)
except stream.InvalidUTF8Exception, e:
self._logger.debug('%s', e)
request.ws_stream.close_connection(
common.STATUS_INVALID_FRAME_PAYLOAD_DATA)
except msgutil.ConnectionTerminatedException, e:
self._logger.debug('%s', e)
except Exception, e:
# Any other exceptions are forwarded to the caller of this
# function.
util.prepend_message_to_exception(
'%s raised exception for %s: ' % (
_TRANSFER_DATA_HANDLER_NAME, request.ws_resource),
e)
raise
def passive_closing_handshake(self, request):
"""Prepare code and reason for responding client initiated closing
handshake.
"""
handler_suite = self.get_handler_suite(request.ws_resource)
if handler_suite is None:
return _default_passive_closing_handshake_handler(request)
return handler_suite.passive_closing_handshake(request)
def get_handler_suite(self, resource):
"""Retrieves two handlers (one for extra handshake processing, and one
for data transfer) for the given request as a HandlerSuite object.
"""
fragment = None
if '#' in resource:
resource, fragment = resource.split('#', 1)
if '?' in resource:
resource = resource.split('?', 1)[0]
handler_suite = self._handler_suite_map.get(resource)
if handler_suite and fragment:
raise DispatchException('Fragment identifiers MUST NOT be used on '
'WebSocket URIs',
common.HTTP_STATUS_BAD_REQUEST)
return handler_suite
def _source_handler_files_in_dir(
self, root_dir, scan_dir, allow_handlers_outside_root_dir):
"""Source all the handler source files in the scan_dir directory.
The resource path is determined relative to root_dir.
"""
# We build a map from resource to handler code assuming that there's
# only one path from root_dir to scan_dir and it can be obtained by
# comparing realpath of them.
# Here we cannot use abspath. See
# https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=31603
convert = _create_path_to_resource_converter(root_dir)
scan_realpath = os.path.realpath(scan_dir)
root_realpath = os.path.realpath(root_dir)
for path in _enumerate_handler_file_paths(scan_realpath):
if (not allow_handlers_outside_root_dir and
(not os.path.realpath(path).startswith(root_realpath))):
self._logger.debug(
'Canonical path of %s is not under root directory' %
path)
continue
try:
handler_suite = _source_handler_file(open(path).read())
except DispatchException, e:
self._source_warnings.append('%s: %s' % (path, e))
continue
resource = convert(path)
if resource is None:
self._logger.debug(
'Path to resource conversion on %s failed' % path)
else:
self._handler_suite_map[convert(path)] = handler_suite
# vi:sts=4 sw=4 et