third_party/llvm-project/clang/www/analyzer/available_checks.html - cobalt - Git at Google

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 <h1>Available Checkers</h1>
 The analyzer performs checks that are categorized into families or "checkers". The
 default set of checkers covers a variety of checks targeted at finding security
 and API usage bugs, dead code, and other logic errors. See the
 <a href = "#default_checkers">Default Checkers</a> list below. In addition to
 these, the analyzer contains a number of <a href = "alpha_checks.html">
 Experimental (Alpha) Checkers</a>.

 <h3>Writeups with examples of some of the bugs that the analyzer finds</h3>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="http://www.mobileorchard.com/bug-finding-with-clang-5-resources-to-get-you-started/">Bug Finding With Clang: 5 Resources To Get You Started</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://fruitstandsoftware.com/blog/index.php/2008/08/finding-memory-leaks-with-the-llvmclang-static-analyzer/#comment-2">Finding Memory Leaks With The LLVM/Clang Static Analyzer</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://www.rogueamoeba.com/utm/2008/07/14/the-clang-static-analyzer/">Under the Microscope - The Clang Static Analyzer</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://www.mikeash.com/?page=pyblog/friday-qa-2009-03-06-using-the-clang-static-analyzer.html">Mike Ash - Using the Clang Static Analyzer</a></li>
 </ul>

 <h2 id="default_checkers">Default Checkers</h2>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#core_checkers">Core Checkers</a> model core language features and perform general-purpose checks such as division by zero, null pointer dereference, usage of uninitialized values, etc.</li>
 <li><a href="#cplusplus_checkers">C++ Checkers</a> perform C++-specific checks</li>
 <li><a href="#deadcode_checkers">Dead Code Checkers</a> check for unused code</li>
 <li><a href="#nullability_checkers">Nullability Checkers</a> </li>
 <li><a href="#optin_checkers">Optin Checkers</a> </li>
 <li><a href="#osx_checkers">OS X Checkers</a> perform Objective-C-specific checks and check the use of Apple's SDKs (OS X and iOS)</li>
 <li><a href="#security_checkers">Security Checkers</a> check for insecure API usage and perform checks based on the CERT Secure Coding Standards</li>
 <li><a href="#unix_checkers">Unix Checkers</a> check the use of Unix and POSIX APIs</li>
 </ul>

 <!-- =========================== core =========================== -->
 <h3 id="core_checkers">Core Checkers</h3>
 <table class="checkers">
 <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup>
 <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead>

 <tbody>
 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.CallAndMessage</span><span class="lang">
 (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for logical errors for function calls and Objective-C message expressions
 (e.g., uninitialized arguments, null function pointers).</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C
 struct S {
   int x;
 };

 void f(struct S s);

 void test() {
   struct S s;
   f(s); // warn: passed-by-value arg contain uninitialized data
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C
 void test() {
   void (*foo)(void);
   foo(); // warn: function pointer is uninitialized
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C
 void test() {
   void (*foo)(void);
   foo = 0;
   foo(); // warn: function pointer is null
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C++
 class C {
 public:
   void f();
 };

 void test() {
   C *pc;
   pc-&gt;f(); // warn: object pointer is uninitialized
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C++
 class C {
 public:
   void f();
 };

 void test() {
   C *pc = 0;
   pc-&gt;f(); // warn: object pointer is null
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // Objective-C
 @interface MyClass : NSObject
 @property (readwrite,assign) id x;
 - (long double)longDoubleM;
 @end

 void test() {
   MyClass *obj1;
   long double ld1 = [obj1 longDoubleM];
     // warn: receiver is uninitialized
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // Objective-C
 @interface MyClass : NSObject
 @property (readwrite,assign) id x;
 - (long double)longDoubleM;
 @end

 void test() {
   MyClass *obj1;
   id i = obj1.x; // warn: uninitialized object pointer
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // Objective-C
 @interface Subscriptable : NSObject
 - (id)objectAtIndexedSubscript:(unsigned int)index;
 @end

 @interface MyClass : Subscriptable
 @property (readwrite,assign) id x;
 - (long double)longDoubleM;
 @end

 void test() {
   MyClass *obj1;
   id i = obj1[0]; // warn: uninitialized object pointer
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.DivideZero</span><span class="lang">
 (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for division by zero.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test(int z) {
   if (z == 0)
     int x = 1 / z; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x = 1;
   int y = x % 0; // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.NonNullParamChecker</span><span class="lang">
 (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for null pointers passed as arguments to a function whose arguments are
 marked with the <code>nonnull</code> attribute.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 int f(int *p) __attribute__((nonnull));

 void test(int *p) {
   if (!p)
     f(p); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.NullDereference</span><span class="lang">
 (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for dereferences of null pointers.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C
 void test(int *p) {
   if (p)
     return;

   int x = p[0]; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C
 void test(int *p) {
   if (!p)
     *p = 0; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C++
 class C {
 public:
   int x;
 };

 void test() {
   C *pc = 0;
   int k = pc->x; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // Objective-C
 @interface MyClass {
 @public
   int x;
 }
 @end

 void test() {
   MyClass *obj = 0;
   obj-&gt;x = 1; // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.StackAddressEscape</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check that addresses of stack memory do not escape the function.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 char const *p;

 void test() {
   char const str[] = "string";
   p = str; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void* test() {
    return __builtin_alloca(12); // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   static int *x;
   int y;
   x = &amp;y; // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for undefined results of binary operators.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x;
   int y = x + 1; // warn: left operand is garbage
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.VLASize</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for declarations of VLA of undefined or zero size.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x;
   int vla1[x]; // warn: garbage as size
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x = 0;
   int vla2[x]; // warn: zero size
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.uninitialized.ArraySubscript</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for uninitialized values used as array subscripts.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int i, a[10];
   int x = a[i]; // warn: array subscript is undefined
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.uninitialized.Assign</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for assigning uninitialized values.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x;
   x |= 1; // warn: left expression is uninitialized
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.uninitialized.Branch</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for uninitialized values used as branch conditions.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x;
   if (x) // warn
     return;
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.uninitialized.CapturedBlockVariable</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for blocks that capture uninitialized values.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x;
   ^{ int y = x; }(); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 core.uninitialized.UndefReturn</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for uninitialized values being returned to the caller.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 int test() {
   int x;
   return x; // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 </tbody></table>

 <!-- =========================== C++ =========================== -->
 <h3 id="cplusplus_checkers">C++ Checkers</h3>
 <table class="checkers">
 <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup>
 <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead>

 <tbody>
 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 cplusplus.NewDelete</span><span class="lang">
 (C++)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for double-free, use-after-free and offset problems involving C++ <code>
 delete</code>.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void f(int *p);

 void testUseMiddleArgAfterDelete(int *p) {
   delete p;
   f(p); // warn: use after free
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 class SomeClass {
 public:
   void f();
 };

 void test() {
   SomeClass *c = new SomeClass;
   delete c;
   c-&gt;f(); // warn: use after free
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int *p = (int *)__builtin_alloca(sizeof(int));
   delete p; // warn: deleting memory allocated by alloca
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int *p = new int;
   delete p;
   delete p; // warn: attempt to free released
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int i;
   delete &amp;i; // warn: delete address of local
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int *p = new int[1];
   delete[] (++p);
     // warn: argument to 'delete[]' is offset by 4 bytes
     // from the start of memory allocated by 'new[]'
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks</span><span class="lang">
 (C++)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for memory leaks. Traces memory managed by <code>new</code>/<code>
 delete</code>.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int *p = new int;
 } // warn
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 </tbody></table>

 <!-- =========================== dead code =========================== -->
 <h3 id="deadcode_checkers">Dead Code Checkers</h3>
 <table class="checkers">
 <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup>
 <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead>

 <tbody>
 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 deadcode.DeadStores</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for values stored to variables that are never read afterwards.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x;
   x = 1; // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 </tbody></table>

 <!-- =========================== nullability =========================== -->
 <h3 id="nullability_checkers">Nullability Checkers</h3>
 <table class="checkers">
 <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup>
 <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead>

 <tbody>
 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 nullability.NullPassedToNonnull</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warns when a null pointer is passed to a pointer which has a
 _Nonnull type.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 if (name != nil)
   return;
 // Warning: nil passed to a callee that requires a non-null 1st parameter
 NSString *greeting = [@"Hello " stringByAppendingString:name];
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 nullability.NullReturnedFromNonnull</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warns when a null pointer is returned from a function that has
 _Nonnull return type.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 - (nonnull id)firstChild {
   id result = nil;
   if ([_children count] > 0)
     result = _children[0];

   // Warning: nil returned from a method that is expected
   // to return a non-null value
   return result;
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 nullability.NullableDereferenced</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warns when a nullable pointer is dereferenced.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 struct LinkedList {
   int data;
   struct LinkedList *next;
 };

 struct LinkedList * _Nullable getNext(struct LinkedList *l);

 void updateNextData(struct LinkedList *list, int newData) {
   struct LinkedList *next = getNext(list);
   // Warning: Nullable pointer is dereferenced
   next->data = 7;
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 nullability.NullablePassedToNonnull</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warns when a nullable pointer is passed to a pointer which has a _Nonnull type.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 typedef struct Dummy { int val; } Dummy;
 Dummy *_Nullable returnsNullable();
 void takesNonnull(Dummy *_Nonnull);

 void test() {
   Dummy *p = returnsNullable();
   takesNonnull(p); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 </tbody></table>

 <!-- =========================== optin =========================== -->
 <h3 id="optin_checkers">Optin Checkers</h3>
 <table class="checkers">
 <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup>
 <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead>

 <tbody>
 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 optin.mpi.MPI-Checker</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Checks MPI code</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   double buf = 0;
   MPI_Request sendReq1;
   MPI_Ireduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, &buf, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_SUM,
       0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &sendReq1);
 } // warn: request 'sendReq1' has no matching wait.
 </pre></div><div class="separator"></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   double buf = 0;
   MPI_Request sendReq;
   MPI_Isend(&buf, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, 0, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &sendReq);
   MPI_Irecv(&buf, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, 0, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &sendReq); // warn
   MPI_Isend(&buf, 1, MPI_DOUBLE, 0, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &sendReq); // warn
   MPI_Wait(&sendReq, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
 }
 </pre></div><div class="separator"></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void missingNonBlocking() {
   int rank = 0;
   MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
   MPI_Request sendReq1[10][10][10];
   MPI_Wait(&sendReq1[1][7][9], MPI_STATUS_IGNORE); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 optin.osx.cocoa.localizability.EmptyLocalizationContextChecker</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check that NSLocalizedString macros include a comment for context.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 - (void)test {
   NSString *string = NSLocalizedString(@"LocalizedString", nil); // warn
   NSString *string2 = NSLocalizedString(@"LocalizedString", @" "); // warn
   NSString *string3 = NSLocalizedStringWithDefaultValue(
     @"LocalizedString", nil, [[NSBundle alloc] init], nil,@""); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 optin.osx.cocoa.localizability.NonLocalizedStringChecker</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warns about uses of non-localized NSStrings passed to UI methods
 expecting localized NSStrings</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 NSString *alarmText =
   NSLocalizedString(@"Enabled", @"Indicates alarm is turned on");
 if (!isEnabled) {
   alarmText = @"Disabled";
 }
 UILabel *alarmStateLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init];

 // Warning: User-facing text should use localized string macro
 [alarmStateLabel setText:alarmText];
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 </tbody></table>

 <!-- =========================== OS X =========================== -->
 <h3 id="osx_checkers">OS X Checkers</h3>
 <table class="checkers">
 <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup>
 <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead>

 <tbody>
 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.API</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for proper uses of various Apple APIs:<div class=functions>
 dispatch_once</div></div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   dispatch_once_t pred = 0;
   dispatch_once(&amp;pred, ^(){}); // warn: dispatch_once uses local
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.NumberObjectConversion</span><span class="lang">
 (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for erroneous conversions of objects representing numbers
 into numbers</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 NSNumber *photoCount = [albumDescriptor objectForKey:@"PhotoCount"];
 // Warning: Comparing a pointer value of type 'NSNumber *'
 // to a scalar integer value
 if (photoCount > 0) {
   [self displayPhotos];
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.SecKeychainAPI</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for improper uses of the Security framework's Keychain APIs:<div class=functions>
 SecKeychainItemCopyContent<br>
 SecKeychainFindGenericPassword<br>
 SecKeychainFindInternetPassword<br>
 SecKeychainItemFreeContent<br>
 SecKeychainItemCopyAttributesAndData<br>
 SecKeychainItemFreeAttributesAndData</div></div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   unsigned int *ptr = 0;
   UInt32 length;

   SecKeychainItemFreeContent(ptr, &amp;length);
     // warn: trying to free data which has not been allocated
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   unsigned int *ptr = 0;
   UInt32 *length = 0;
   void *outData;

   OSStatus st =
     SecKeychainItemCopyContent(2, ptr, ptr, length, outData);
     // warn: data is not released
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   unsigned int *ptr = 0;
   UInt32 *length = 0;
   void *outData;

   OSStatus st =
     SecKeychainItemCopyContent(2, ptr, ptr, length, &amp;outData);

   SecKeychainItemFreeContent(ptr, outData);
     // warn: only call free if a non-NULL buffer was returned
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   unsigned int *ptr = 0;
   UInt32 *length = 0;
   void *outData;

   OSStatus st =
     SecKeychainItemCopyContent(2, ptr, ptr, length, &amp;outData);

   st = SecKeychainItemCopyContent(2, ptr, ptr, length, &amp;outData);
     // warn: release data before another call to the allocator

   if (st == noErr)
     SecKeychainItemFreeContent(ptr, outData);
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   SecKeychainItemRef itemRef = 0;
   SecKeychainAttributeInfo *info = 0;
   SecItemClass *itemClass = 0;
   SecKeychainAttributeList *attrList = 0;
   UInt32 *length = 0;
   void *outData = 0;

   OSStatus st =
     SecKeychainItemCopyAttributesAndData(itemRef, info,
                                          itemClass, &amp;attrList,
                                          length, &amp;outData);

   SecKeychainItemFreeContent(attrList, outData);
     // warn: deallocator doesn't match the allocator
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.AtSync</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for nil pointers used as mutexes for <code>@synchronized</code>.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test(id x) {
   if (!x)
     @synchronized(x) {} // warn: nil value used as mutex
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   id y;
   @synchronized(y) {} // warn: uninitialized value used as mutex
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.ClassRelease</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for sending <code>retain</code>, <code>release</code>, or <code>
 autorelease</code> directly to a class.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyClass : NSObject
 @end

 void test(void) {
   [MyClass release]; // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.Dealloc</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn about Objective-C classes that lack a correct implementation
 of <code>-dealloc</code>.
 </div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyObject : NSObject {
   id _myproperty;
 }
 @end

 @implementation MyObject // warn: lacks 'dealloc'
 @end
 </pre></div><div class="separator"></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyObject : NSObject {}
 @property(assign) id myproperty;
 @end

 @implementation MyObject // warn: does not send 'dealloc' to super
 - (void)dealloc {
   self.myproperty = 0;
 }
 @end
 </pre></div><div class="separator"></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyObject : NSObject {
   id _myproperty;
 }
 @property(retain) id myproperty;
 @end

 @implementation MyObject
 @synthesize myproperty = _myproperty;
   // warn: var was retained but wasn't released
 - (void)dealloc {
   [super dealloc];
 }
 @end
 </pre></div><div class="separator"></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyObject : NSObject {
   id _myproperty;
 }
 @property(assign) id myproperty;
 @end

 @implementation MyObject
 @synthesize myproperty = _myproperty;
   // warn: var wasn't retained but was released
 - (void)dealloc {
   [_myproperty release];
   [super dealloc];
 }
 @end
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.IncompatibleMethodTypes</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for an incompatible type signature when overriding an Objective-C method.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyClass1 : NSObject
 - (int)foo;
 @end

 @implementation MyClass1
 - (int)foo { return 1; }
 @end

 @interface MyClass2 : MyClass1
 - (float)foo;
 @end

 @implementation MyClass2
 - (float)foo { return 1.0; } // warn
 @end
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 alpha.osx.cocoa.MissingSuperCall</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn about Objective-C methods that lack a necessary call to super. (Note: The
 compiler now has a warning for methods annotated with <code>objc_requires_super</code>
 attribute. The checker exists to check methods in the Cocoa frameworks
 that haven't yet adopted this attribute.)</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="example"><pre>
 @interface Test : UIViewController
 @end
 @implementation test
 - (void)viewDidLoad {} // warn
 @end
 </pre></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.NSAutoreleasePool</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn for suboptimal uses of NSAutoreleasePool in Objective-C
 GC mode (<code>-fobjc-gc</code> compiler option).</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
   [pool release]; // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.NSError</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check usage of <code>NSError**</code> parameters.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface A : NSObject
 - (void)foo:(NSError **)error;
 @end

 @implementation A
 - (void)foo:(NSError **)error {
   // warn: method accepting NSError** should have a non-void
   // return value
 }
 @end
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface A : NSObject
 - (BOOL)foo:(NSError **)error;
 @end

 @implementation A
 - (BOOL)foo:(NSError **)error {
   *error = 0; // warn: potential null dereference
   return 0;
 }
 @end
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.NilArg</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for prohibited nil arguments in specific Objective-C method calls:<div class=functions>
 - caseInsensitiveCompare:<br>
 - compare:<br>
 - compare:options:<br>
 - compare:options:range:<br>
 - compare:options:range:locale:<br>
 - componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:<br>
 - initWithFormat:</div></div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 NSComparisonResult test(NSString *s) {
   NSString *aString = nil;
   return [s caseInsensitiveCompare:aString];
     // warn: argument to 'NSString' method
     // 'caseInsensitiveCompare:' cannot be nil
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.ObjCGenerics</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for type errors when using Objective-C generics</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 NSMutableArray<NSString *> *names = [NSMutableArray array];
 NSMutableArray *birthDates = names;

 // Warning: Conversion from value of type 'NSDate *'
 // to incompatible type 'NSString *'
 [birthDates addObject: [NSDate date]];
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.RetainCount</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for leaks and violations of the Cocoa Memory Management rules.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   NSString *s = [[NSString alloc] init]; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 CFStringRef test(char *bytes) {
   return CFStringCreateWithCStringNoCopy(
            0, bytes, NSNEXTSTEPStringEncoding, 0); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.SelfInit</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check that <code>self</code> is properly initialized inside an initializer
 method.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyObj : NSObject {
   id x;
 }
 - (id)init;
 @end

 @implementation MyObj
 - (id)init {
   [super init];
   x = 0; // warn: instance variable used while 'self' is not
          // initialized
   return 0;
 }
 @end
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyObj : NSObject
 - (id)init;
 @end

 @implementation MyObj
 - (id)init {
   [super init];
   return self; // warn: returning uninitialized 'self'
 }
 @end
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.SuperDealloc</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn about improper use of '[super dealloc]' in Objective-C</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface SuperDeallocThenReleaseIvarClass : NSObject {
   NSObject *_ivar;
 }
 @end

 @implementation SuperDeallocThenReleaseIvarClass
 - (void)dealloc {
   [super dealloc];
   [_ivar release]; // warn
 }
 @end
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.UnusedIvars</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn about private ivars that are never used.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 @interface MyObj : NSObject {
 @private
   id x; // warn
 }
 @end

 @implementation MyObj
 @end
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.cocoa.VariadicMethodTypes</span><span class="lang">
 (ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for passing non-Objective-C types to variadic collection initialization
 methods that expect only Objective-C types.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   [NSSet setWithObjects:@"Foo", "Bar", nil];
     // warn: argument should be an ObjC pointer type, not 'char *'
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.coreFoundation.CFError</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check usage of <code>CFErrorRef*</code> parameters.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test(CFErrorRef *error) {
   // warn: function accepting CFErrorRef* should have a
   // non-void return
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 int foo(CFErrorRef *error) {
   *error = 0; // warn: potential null dereference
   return 0;
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.coreFoundation.CFNumber</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for improper uses of <code>CFNumberCreate</code>.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 CFNumberRef test(unsigned char x) {
   return CFNumberCreate(0, kCFNumberSInt16Type, &amp;x);
    // warn: 8 bit integer is used to initialize a 16 bit integer
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.coreFoundation.CFRetainRelease</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for null arguments to <code>CFRetain</code>, <code>CFRelease</code>,
 <code>CFMakeCollectable</code>.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test(CFTypeRef p) {
   if (!p)
     CFRetain(p); // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test(int x, CFTypeRef p) {
   if (p)
     return;

   CFRelease(p); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.coreFoundation.containers.OutOfBounds</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Checks for index out-of-bounds when using <code>CFArray</code> API.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   CFArrayRef A = CFArrayCreate(0, 0, 0, &amp;kCFTypeArrayCallBacks);
   CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(A, 0); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 osx.coreFoundation.containers.PointerSizedValues</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warns if <code>CFArray</code>, <code>CFDictionary</code>, <code>CFSet</code> are
 created with non-pointer-size values.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int x[] = { 1 };
   CFArrayRef A = CFArrayCreate(0, (const void **)x, 1,
                                &amp;kCFTypeArrayCallBacks); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 </tbody></table>

 <!-- =========================== security =========================== -->
 <h3 id="security_checkers">Security Checkers</h3>
 <table class="checkers">
 <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup>
 <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead>

 <tbody>
 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.FloatLoopCounter</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on using a floating point value as a loop counter (CERT: FLP30-C,
 FLP30-CPP).</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   for (float x = 0.1f; x <= 1.0f; x += 0.1f) {} // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.UncheckedReturn</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of functions whose return values must be always checked:<div class=functions>
 setuid<br>
 setgid<br>
 seteuid<br>
 setegid<br>
 setreuid<br>
 setregid</div></div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   setuid(1); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.bcmp</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of the <code>bcmp</code> function.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   bcmp(ptr0, ptr1, n); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.bcopy</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of the <code>bcopy</code> function.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   bcopy(src, dst, n); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.bzero</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of the <code>bzero</code> function.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   bzero(ptr, n); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.getpw</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of the <code>getpw</code> function.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   char buff[1024];
   getpw(2, buff); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.gets</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of the <code>gets</code> function.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   char buff[1024];
   gets(buff); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.mkstemp</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn when <code>mktemp</code>, <code>mkstemp</code>, <code>mkstemps</code> or
 <code>mkdtemp</code> is passed fewer than 6
 X's in the format string.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   mkstemp("XX"); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.mktemp</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of the <code>mktemp</code> function.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   char *x = mktemp("/tmp/zxcv"); // warn: insecure, use mkstemp
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.rand</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of inferior random number generating functions (only if <code>arc4random</code>
 function is available):<div class=functions>
 drand48<br>
 erand48<br>
 jrand48<br>
 lcong48<br>
 lrand48<br>
 mrand48<br>
 nrand48<br>
 random<br>
 rand_r</div></div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   random(); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.strcpy</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of the <code>strcpy</code> and <code>strcat</code> functions.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   char x[4];
   char *y = "abcd";

   strcpy(x, y); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 security.insecureAPI.vfork</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Warn on uses of the <code>vfork</code> function.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   vfork(); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>

 </tbody></table>

 <!-- =========================== unix =========================== -->
 <h3 id="unix_checkers">Unix Checkers</h3>
 <table class="checkers">
 <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup>
 <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead>

 <tbody>
 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 unix.API</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check calls to various UNIX/POSIX functions:<div class=functions>
 open<br>
 pthread_once<br>
 calloc<br>
 malloc<br>
 realloc<br>
 alloca<br>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // Currently the check is performed for apple targets only.
 void test(const char *path) {
   int fd = open(path, O_CREAT);
     // warn: call to 'open' requires a third argument when the
     // 'O_CREAT' flag is set
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void f();

 void test() {
   pthread_once_t pred = {0x30B1BCBA, {0}};
   pthread_once(&amp;pred, f);
     // warn: call to 'pthread_once' uses the local variable
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   void *p = malloc(0); // warn: allocation size of 0 bytes
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   void *p = calloc(0, 42); // warn: allocation size of 0 bytes
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   void *p = malloc(1);
   p = realloc(p, 0); // warn: allocation size of 0 bytes
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   void *p = alloca(0); // warn: allocation size of 0 bytes
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   void *p = valloc(0); // warn: allocation size of 0 bytes
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 unix.Malloc</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for memory leaks, double free, and use-after-free and offset problems
 involving <code>malloc</code>.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int *p = malloc(1);
   free(p);
   free(p); // warn: attempt to free released memory
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int *p = malloc(sizeof(int));
   free(p);
   *p = 1; // warn: use after free
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int *p = malloc(1);
   if (p)
     return; // warn: memory is never released
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int a[] = { 1 };
   free(a); // warn: argument is not allocated by malloc
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   int *p = malloc(sizeof(char));
   p = p - 1;
   free(p); // warn: argument to free() is offset by -4 bytes
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 unix.MallocSizeof</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for dubious <code>malloc</code>, <code>calloc</code> or
 <code>realloc</code> arguments involving <code>sizeof</code>.</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   long *p = malloc(sizeof(short));
     // warn: result is converted to 'long *', which is
     // incompatible with operand type 'short'
   free(p);
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 unix.MismatchedDeallocator</span><span class="lang">
 (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for mismatched deallocators (e.g. passing a pointer allocating
 with <code>new</code> to <code>free()</code>).</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C, C++
 void test() {
   int *p = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
   delete p; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C, C++
 void __attribute((ownership_returns(malloc))) *user_malloc(size_t);

 void test() {
   int *p = (int *)user_malloc(sizeof(int));
   delete p; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C, C++
 void test() {
   int *p = new int;
   free(p); // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C, C++
 void test() {
   int *p = new int[1];
   realloc(p, sizeof(long)); // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C, C++
 template &lt;typename T&gt;
 struct SimpleSmartPointer {
   T *ptr;

   explicit SimpleSmartPointer(T *p = 0) : ptr(p) {}
   ~SimpleSmartPointer() {
     delete ptr; // warn
   }
 };

 void test() {
   SimpleSmartPointer&lt;int&gt; a((int *)malloc(4));
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // C++
 void test() {
   int *p = (int *)operator new(0);
   delete[] p; // warn
 }
 </pre></div>
 <div class="example"><pre>
 // Objective-C, C++
 void test(NSUInteger dataLength) {
   int *p = new int;
   NSData *d = [NSData dataWithBytesNoCopy:p
                length:sizeof(int) freeWhenDone:1];
     // warn +dataWithBytesNoCopy:length:freeWhenDone: cannot take
     // ownership of memory allocated by 'new'
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 unix.Vfork</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for proper usage of vfork</div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 int test(int x) {
   pid_t pid = vfork(); // warn
   if (pid != 0)
     return 0;

   switch (x) {
   case 0:
     pid = 1;
     execl("", "", 0);
     _exit(1);
     break;
   case 1:
     x = 0; // warn: this assignment is prohibited
     break;
   case 2:
     foo(); // warn: this function call is prohibited
     break;
   default:
     return 0; // warn: return is prohibited
   }

   while(1);
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 unix.cstring.BadSizeArg</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check the size argument passed to <code>strncat</code> for common erroneous
 patterns. Use <code>-Wno-strncat-size</code> compiler option to mute other
 <code>strncat</code>-related compiler warnings.
 </div></div></td>
 <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable">
 <div class="example"><pre>
 void test() {
   char dest[3];
   strncat(dest, "***", sizeof(dest));
     // warn: potential buffer overflow
 }
 </pre></div></div></td></tr>


 <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name">
 unix.cstring.NullArg</span><span class="lang">
 (C)</span><div class="descr">
 Check for null pointers being passed as arguments to C string functions:<div class=functions>
 strlen<br>
 strnlen<br>
 strcpy<br>
 strncpy<br>
 strcat<br>
 strncat<br>
 strcmp<br>
 strncmp<br>
 strcasecmp<br>
 strncasecmp</div></div></div></td>
 <td><div class="example"><pre>
 int test() {
   return strlen(0); // warn
 }
 </pre></div></td></tr>

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