| # Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. |
| # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be |
| # found in the LICENSE file. |
| |
| |
| from recipe_engine import recipe_api |
| |
| from . import default |
| import subprocess # TODO(borenet): No! Remove this. |
| |
| |
| """Android flavor, used for running code on Android.""" |
| |
| |
| class AndroidFlavor(default.DefaultFlavor): |
| def __init__(self, m): |
| super(AndroidFlavor, self).__init__(m) |
| self._ever_ran_adb = False |
| self.ADB_BINARY = '/usr/bin/adb.1.0.35' |
| self.ADB_PUB_KEY = '/home/chrome-bot/.android/adbkey' |
| if 'skia' not in self.m.vars.swarming_bot_id: |
| self.ADB_BINARY = '/opt/infra-android/tools/adb' |
| self.ADB_PUB_KEY = ('/home/chrome-bot/.android/' |
| 'chrome_infrastructure_adbkey') |
| |
| # Data should go in android_data_dir, which may be preserved across runs. |
| android_data_dir = '/sdcard/revenge_of_the_skiabot/' |
| self.device_dirs = default.DeviceDirs( |
| bin_dir = '/data/local/tmp/', |
| dm_dir = android_data_dir + 'dm_out', |
| perf_data_dir = android_data_dir + 'perf', |
| resource_dir = android_data_dir + 'resources', |
| images_dir = android_data_dir + 'images', |
| lotties_dir = android_data_dir + 'lotties', |
| skp_dir = android_data_dir + 'skps', |
| svg_dir = android_data_dir + 'svgs', |
| mskp_dir = android_data_dir + 'mskp', |
| tmp_dir = android_data_dir) |
| |
| # A list of devices we can't root. If rooting fails and a device is not |
| # on the list, we fail the task to avoid perf inconsistencies. |
| self.rootable_blacklist = ['GalaxyS6', 'GalaxyS7_G930FD', 'GalaxyS9', |
| 'MotoG4', 'NVIDIA_Shield', 'P30', |
| 'TecnoSpark3Pro'] |
| |
| # Maps device type -> CPU ids that should be scaled for nanobench. |
| # Many devices have two (or more) different CPUs (e.g. big.LITTLE |
| # on Nexus5x). The CPUs listed are the biggest cpus on the device. |
| # The CPUs are grouped together, so we only need to scale one of them |
| # (the one listed) in order to scale them all. |
| # E.g. Nexus5x has cpu0-3 as one chip and cpu4-5 as the other. Thus, |
| # if one wants to run a single-threaded application (e.g. nanobench), one |
| # can disable cpu0-3 and scale cpu 4 to have only cpu4 and 5 at the same |
| # frequency. See also disable_for_nanobench. |
| self.cpus_to_scale = { |
| 'Nexus5x': [4], |
| 'Pixel': [2], |
| 'Pixel2XL': [4] |
| } |
| |
| # Maps device type -> CPU ids that should be turned off when running |
| # single-threaded applications like nanobench. The devices listed have |
| # multiple, differnt CPUs. We notice a lot of noise that seems to be |
| # caused by nanobench running on the slow CPU, then the big CPU. By |
| # disabling this, we see less of that noise by forcing the same CPU |
| # to be used for the performance testing every time. |
| self.disable_for_nanobench = { |
| 'Nexus5x': range(0, 4), |
| 'Pixel': range(0, 2), |
| 'Pixel2XL': range(0, 4) |
| } |
| |
| self.gpu_scaling = { |
| "Nexus5": 450000000, |
| "Nexus5x": 600000000, |
| } |
| |
| def _run(self, title, *cmd, **kwargs): |
| with self.m.context(cwd=self.m.path['start_dir'].join('skia')): |
| return self.m.run(self.m.step, title, cmd=list(cmd), **kwargs) |
| |
| def _adb(self, title, *cmd, **kwargs): |
| # The only non-infra adb steps (dm / nanobench) happen to not use _adb(). |
| if 'infra_step' not in kwargs: |
| kwargs['infra_step'] = True |
| |
| self._ever_ran_adb = True |
| # ADB seems to be occasionally flaky on every device, so always retry. |
| attempts = 3 |
| |
| def wait_for_device(attempt): |
| self.m.run(self.m.step, |
| 'kill adb server after failure of \'%s\' (attempt %d)' % ( |
| title, attempt), |
| cmd=[self.ADB_BINARY, 'kill-server'], |
| infra_step=True, timeout=30, abort_on_failure=False, |
| fail_build_on_failure=False) |
| self.m.run(self.m.step, |
| 'wait for device after failure of \'%s\' (attempt %d)' % ( |
| title, attempt), |
| cmd=[self.ADB_BINARY, 'wait-for-device'], infra_step=True, |
| timeout=180, abort_on_failure=False, |
| fail_build_on_failure=False) |
| |
| with self.m.context(cwd=self.m.path['start_dir'].join('skia')): |
| with self.m.env({'ADB_VENDOR_KEYS': self.ADB_PUB_KEY}): |
| return self.m.run.with_retry(self.m.step, title, attempts, |
| cmd=[self.ADB_BINARY]+list(cmd), |
| between_attempts_fn=wait_for_device, |
| **kwargs) |
| |
| def _scale_for_dm(self): |
| device = self.m.vars.builder_cfg.get('model') |
| if (device in self.rootable_blacklist or |
| self.m.vars.internal_hardware_label): |
| return |
| |
| # This is paranoia... any CPUs we disabled while running nanobench |
| # ought to be back online now that we've restarted the device. |
| for i in self.disable_for_nanobench.get(device, []): |
| self._set_cpu_online(i, 1) # enable |
| |
| scale_up = self.cpus_to_scale.get(device, [0]) |
| # For big.LITTLE devices, make sure we scale the LITTLE cores up; |
| # there is a chance they are still in powersave mode from when |
| # swarming slows things down for cooling down and charging. |
| if 0 not in scale_up: |
| scale_up.append(0) |
| for i in scale_up: |
| # AndroidOne doesn't support ondemand governor. hotplug is similar. |
| if device == 'AndroidOne': |
| self._set_governor(i, 'hotplug') |
| elif device == 'Pixel3a': |
| # Pixel3a has userspace powersave performance schedutil. |
| # performance seems like a reasonable choice. |
| self._set_governor(i, 'performance') |
| else: |
| self._set_governor(i, 'ondemand') |
| |
| def _scale_for_nanobench(self): |
| device = self.m.vars.builder_cfg.get('model') |
| if (device in self.rootable_blacklist or |
| self.m.vars.internal_hardware_label): |
| return |
| |
| for i in self.cpus_to_scale.get(device, [0]): |
| self._set_governor(i, 'userspace') |
| self._scale_cpu(i, 0.6) |
| |
| for i in self.disable_for_nanobench.get(device, []): |
| self._set_cpu_online(i, 0) # disable |
| |
| if device in self.gpu_scaling: |
| #https://developer.qualcomm.com/qfile/28823/lm80-p0436-11_adb_commands.pdf |
| # Section 3.2.1 Commands to put the GPU in performance mode |
| # Nexus 5 is 320000000 by default |
| # Nexus 5x is 180000000 by default |
| gpu_freq = self.gpu_scaling[device] |
| self.m.run.with_retry(self.m.python.inline, |
| "Lock GPU to %d (and other perf tweaks)" % gpu_freq, |
| 3, # attempts |
| program=""" |
| import os |
| import subprocess |
| import sys |
| import time |
| ADB = sys.argv[1] |
| freq = sys.argv[2] |
| idle_timer = "10000" |
| |
| log = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'root']) |
| # check for message like 'adbd cannot run as root in production builds' |
| print log |
| if 'cannot' in log: |
| raise Exception('adb root failed') |
| |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'stop', 'thermald']) |
| |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'echo "%s" > ' |
| '/sys/class/kgsl/kgsl-3d0/gpuclk' % freq]) |
| |
| actual_freq = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'cat ' |
| '/sys/class/kgsl/kgsl-3d0/gpuclk']).strip() |
| if actual_freq != freq: |
| raise Exception('Frequency (actual, expected) (%s, %s)' |
| % (actual_freq, freq)) |
| |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'echo "%s" > ' |
| '/sys/class/kgsl/kgsl-3d0/idle_timer' % idle_timer]) |
| |
| actual_timer = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'cat ' |
| '/sys/class/kgsl/kgsl-3d0/idle_timer']).strip() |
| if actual_timer != idle_timer: |
| raise Exception('idle_timer (actual, expected) (%s, %s)' |
| % (actual_timer, idle_timer)) |
| |
| for s in ['force_bus_on', 'force_rail_on', 'force_clk_on']: |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'echo "1" > ' |
| '/sys/class/kgsl/kgsl-3d0/%s' % s]) |
| actual_set = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'cat ' |
| '/sys/class/kgsl/kgsl-3d0/%s' % s]).strip() |
| if actual_set != "1": |
| raise Exception('%s (actual, expected) (%s, 1)' |
| % (s, actual_set)) |
| """, |
| args = [self.ADB_BINARY, gpu_freq], |
| infra_step=True, |
| timeout=30) |
| |
| def _set_governor(self, cpu, gov): |
| self._ever_ran_adb = True |
| self.m.run.with_retry(self.m.python.inline, |
| "Set CPU %d's governor to %s" % (cpu, gov), |
| 3, # attempts |
| program=""" |
| import os |
| import subprocess |
| import sys |
| import time |
| ADB = sys.argv[1] |
| cpu = int(sys.argv[2]) |
| gov = sys.argv[3] |
| |
| log = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'root']) |
| # check for message like 'adbd cannot run as root in production builds' |
| print log |
| if 'cannot' in log: |
| raise Exception('adb root failed') |
| |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'echo "%s" > ' |
| '/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_governor' % (gov, cpu)]) |
| actual_gov = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'cat ' |
| '/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq/scaling_governor' % cpu]).strip() |
| if actual_gov != gov: |
| raise Exception('(actual, expected) (%s, %s)' |
| % (actual_gov, gov)) |
| """, |
| args = [self.ADB_BINARY, cpu, gov], |
| infra_step=True, |
| timeout=30) |
| |
| |
| def _set_cpu_online(self, cpu, value): |
| """Set /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu{N}/online to value (0 or 1).""" |
| self._ever_ran_adb = True |
| msg = 'Disabling' |
| if value: |
| msg = 'Enabling' |
| self.m.run.with_retry(self.m.python.inline, |
| '%s CPU %d' % (msg, cpu), |
| 3, # attempts |
| program=""" |
| import os |
| import subprocess |
| import sys |
| import time |
| ADB = sys.argv[1] |
| cpu = int(sys.argv[2]) |
| value = int(sys.argv[3]) |
| |
| log = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'root']) |
| # check for message like 'adbd cannot run as root in production builds' |
| print log |
| if 'cannot' in log: |
| raise Exception('adb root failed') |
| |
| # If we try to echo 1 to an already online cpu, adb returns exit code 1. |
| # So, check the value before trying to write it. |
| prior_status = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'cat ' |
| '/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/online' % cpu]).strip() |
| if prior_status == str(value): |
| print 'CPU %d online already %d' % (cpu, value) |
| sys.exit() |
| |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'echo %s > ' |
| '/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/online' % (value, cpu)]) |
| actual_status = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'cat ' |
| '/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/online' % cpu]).strip() |
| if actual_status != str(value): |
| raise Exception('(actual, expected) (%s, %d)' |
| % (actual_status, value)) |
| """, |
| args = [self.ADB_BINARY, cpu, value], |
| infra_step=True, |
| timeout=30) |
| |
| |
| def _scale_cpu(self, cpu, target_percent): |
| self._ever_ran_adb = True |
| self.m.run.with_retry(self.m.python.inline, |
| 'Scale CPU %d to %f' % (cpu, target_percent), |
| 3, # attempts |
| program=""" |
| import os |
| import subprocess |
| import sys |
| import time |
| ADB = sys.argv[1] |
| target_percent = float(sys.argv[2]) |
| cpu = int(sys.argv[3]) |
| log = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'root']) |
| # check for message like 'adbd cannot run as root in production builds' |
| print log |
| if 'cannot' in log: |
| raise Exception('adb root failed') |
| |
| root = '/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/cpufreq' %cpu |
| |
| # All devices we test on give a list of their available frequencies. |
| available_freqs = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', |
| 'cat %s/scaling_available_frequencies' % root]) |
| |
| # Check for message like '/system/bin/sh: file not found' |
| if available_freqs and '/system/bin/sh' not in available_freqs: |
| available_freqs = sorted( |
| int(i) for i in available_freqs.strip().split()) |
| else: |
| raise Exception('Could not get list of available frequencies: %s' % |
| available_freqs) |
| |
| maxfreq = available_freqs[-1] |
| target = int(round(maxfreq * target_percent)) |
| freq = maxfreq |
| for f in reversed(available_freqs): |
| if f <= target: |
| freq = f |
| break |
| |
| print 'Setting frequency to %d' % freq |
| |
| # If scaling_max_freq is lower than our attempted setting, it won't take. |
| # We must set min first, because if we try to set max to be less than min |
| # (which sometimes happens after certain devices reboot) it returns a |
| # perplexing permissions error. |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'echo 0 > ' |
| '%s/scaling_min_freq' % root]) |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'echo %d > ' |
| '%s/scaling_max_freq' % (freq, root)]) |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'echo %d > ' |
| '%s/scaling_setspeed' % (freq, root)]) |
| time.sleep(5) |
| actual_freq = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'cat ' |
| '%s/scaling_cur_freq' % root]).strip() |
| if actual_freq != str(freq): |
| raise Exception('(actual, expected) (%s, %d)' |
| % (actual_freq, freq)) |
| """, |
| args = [self.ADB_BINARY, str(target_percent), cpu], |
| infra_step=True, |
| timeout=30) |
| |
| |
| def install(self): |
| self._adb('mkdir ' + self.device_dirs.resource_dir, |
| 'shell', 'mkdir', '-p', self.device_dirs.resource_dir) |
| if 'ASAN' in self.m.vars.extra_tokens: |
| self._ever_ran_adb = True |
| asan_setup = self.m.vars.slave_dir.join( |
| 'android_ndk_linux', 'toolchains', 'llvm', 'prebuilt', |
| 'linux-x86_64', 'lib64', 'clang', '8.0.7', 'bin', |
| 'asan_device_setup') |
| self.m.run(self.m.python.inline, 'Setting up device to run ASAN', |
| program=""" |
| import os |
| import subprocess |
| import sys |
| import time |
| ADB = sys.argv[1] |
| ASAN_SETUP = sys.argv[2] |
| |
| def wait_for_device(): |
| while True: |
| time.sleep(5) |
| print 'Waiting for device' |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'wait-for-device']) |
| bit1 = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'getprop', |
| 'dev.bootcomplete']) |
| bit2 = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'shell', 'getprop', |
| 'sys.boot_completed']) |
| if '1' in bit1 and '1' in bit2: |
| print 'Device detected' |
| break |
| |
| log = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'root']) |
| # check for message like 'adbd cannot run as root in production builds' |
| print log |
| if 'cannot' in log: |
| raise Exception('adb root failed') |
| |
| output = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'disable-verity']) |
| print output |
| |
| if 'already disabled' not in output: |
| print 'Rebooting device' |
| subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'reboot']) |
| wait_for_device() |
| |
| def installASAN(revert=False): |
| # ASAN setup script is idempotent, either it installs it or |
| # says it's installed. Returns True on success, false otherwise. |
| out = subprocess.check_output([ADB, 'wait-for-device']) |
| print out |
| cmd = [ASAN_SETUP] |
| if revert: |
| cmd = [ASAN_SETUP, '--revert'] |
| process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, env={'ADB': ADB}, |
| stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) |
| |
| # this also blocks until command finishes |
| (stdout, stderr) = process.communicate() |
| print stdout |
| print 'Stderr: %s' % stderr |
| return process.returncode == 0 |
| |
| if not installASAN(): |
| print 'Trying to revert the ASAN install and then re-install' |
| # ASAN script sometimes has issues if it was interrupted or partially applied |
| # Try reverting it, then re-enabling it |
| if not installASAN(revert=True): |
| raise Exception('reverting ASAN install failed') |
| |
| # Sleep because device does not reboot instantly |
| time.sleep(10) |
| |
| if not installASAN(): |
| raise Exception('Tried twice to setup ASAN and failed.') |
| |
| # Sleep because device does not reboot instantly |
| time.sleep(10) |
| wait_for_device() |
| # Sleep again to hopefully avoid error "secure_mkdirs failed: No such file or |
| # directory" when pushing resources to the device. |
| time.sleep(60) |
| """, |
| args = [self.ADB_BINARY, asan_setup], |
| infra_step=True, |
| timeout=300, |
| abort_on_failure=True) |
| |
| |
| def cleanup_steps(self): |
| if 'ASAN' in self.m.vars.extra_tokens: |
| self._ever_ran_adb = True |
| # Remove ASAN. |
| asan_setup = self.m.vars.slave_dir.join( |
| 'android_ndk_linux', 'toolchains', 'llvm', 'prebuilt', |
| 'linux-x86_64', 'lib64', 'clang', '8.0.2', 'bin', |
| 'asan_device_setup') |
| self.m.run(self.m.step, |
| 'wait for device before uninstalling ASAN', |
| cmd=[self.ADB_BINARY, 'wait-for-device'], infra_step=True, |
| timeout=180, abort_on_failure=False, |
| fail_build_on_failure=False) |
| self.m.run(self.m.step, 'uninstall ASAN', |
| cmd=[asan_setup, '--revert'], infra_step=True, timeout=300, |
| abort_on_failure=False, fail_build_on_failure=False) |
| |
| if self._ever_ran_adb: |
| self.m.run(self.m.python.inline, 'dump log', program=""" |
| import os |
| import subprocess |
| import sys |
| out = sys.argv[1] |
| log = subprocess.check_output(['%s', 'logcat', '-d']) |
| for line in log.split('\\n'): |
| tokens = line.split() |
| if len(tokens) == 11 and tokens[-7] == 'F' and tokens[-3] == 'pc': |
| addr, path = tokens[-2:] |
| local = os.path.join(out, os.path.basename(path)) |
| if os.path.exists(local): |
| sym = subprocess.check_output(['addr2line', '-Cfpe', local, addr]) |
| line = line.replace(addr, addr + ' ' + sym.strip()) |
| print line |
| """ % self.ADB_BINARY, |
| args=[self.host_dirs.bin_dir], |
| infra_step=True, |
| timeout=300, |
| abort_on_failure=False) |
| |
| # Only quarantine the bot if the first failed step |
| # is an infra step. If, instead, we did this for any infra failures, we |
| # would do this too much. For example, if a Nexus 10 died during dm |
| # and the following pull step would also fail "device not found" - causing |
| # us to run the shutdown command when the device was probably not in a |
| # broken state; it was just rebooting. |
| if (self.m.run.failed_steps and |
| isinstance(self.m.run.failed_steps[0], recipe_api.InfraFailure)): |
| bot_id = self.m.vars.swarming_bot_id |
| self.m.file.write_text('Quarantining Bot', |
| '/home/chrome-bot/%s.force_quarantine' % bot_id, |
| ' ') |
| |
| if self._ever_ran_adb: |
| self._adb('kill adb server', 'kill-server') |
| |
| def step(self, name, cmd, **kwargs): |
| if not kwargs.get('skip_binary_push', False): |
| if (cmd[0] == 'nanobench'): |
| self._scale_for_nanobench() |
| else: |
| self._scale_for_dm() |
| app = self.host_dirs.bin_dir.join(cmd[0]) |
| self._adb('push %s' % cmd[0], |
| 'push', app, self.device_dirs.bin_dir) |
| |
| sh = '%s.sh' % cmd[0] |
| self.m.run.writefile(self.m.vars.tmp_dir.join(sh), |
| 'set -x; %s%s; echo $? >%src' % ( |
| self.device_dirs.bin_dir, subprocess.list2cmdline(map(str, cmd)), |
| self.device_dirs.bin_dir)) |
| self._adb('push %s' % sh, |
| 'push', self.m.vars.tmp_dir.join(sh), self.device_dirs.bin_dir) |
| |
| self._adb('clear log', 'logcat', '-c') |
| self.m.python.inline('%s' % cmd[0], """ |
| import subprocess |
| import sys |
| bin_dir = sys.argv[1] |
| sh = sys.argv[2] |
| subprocess.check_call(['%s', 'shell', 'sh', bin_dir + sh]) |
| try: |
| sys.exit(int(subprocess.check_output(['%s', 'shell', 'cat', |
| bin_dir + 'rc']))) |
| except ValueError: |
| print "Couldn't read the return code. Probably killed for OOM." |
| sys.exit(1) |
| """ % (self.ADB_BINARY, self.ADB_BINARY), |
| args=[self.device_dirs.bin_dir, sh]) |
| |
| def copy_file_to_device(self, host, device): |
| self._adb('push %s %s' % (host, device), 'push', host, device) |
| |
| def copy_directory_contents_to_device(self, host, device): |
| # Copy the tree, avoiding hidden directories and resolving symlinks. |
| sep = self.m.path.sep |
| host_str = str(host).rstrip(sep) + sep |
| device = device.rstrip('/') |
| with self.m.step.nest('push %s* %s' % (host_str, device)): |
| contents = self.m.file.listdir('list %s' % host, host, recursive=True, |
| test_data=['file1', |
| 'subdir' + sep + 'file2', |
| '.file3', |
| '.ignore' + sep + 'file4']) |
| for path in contents: |
| path_str = str(path) |
| assert path_str.startswith(host_str), ( |
| 'expected %s to have %s as a prefix' % (path_str, host_str)) |
| relpath = path_str[len(host_str):] |
| # NOTE(dogben): Previous logic used os.walk and skipped directories |
| # starting with '.', but not files starting with '.'. It's not clear |
| # what the reason was (maybe skipping .git?), but I'm keeping that |
| # behavior here. |
| if self.m.path.dirname(relpath).startswith('.'): |
| continue |
| device_path = device + '/' + relpath # Android paths use / |
| self._adb('push %s' % path, 'push', |
| self.m.path.realpath(path), device_path) |
| |
| def copy_directory_contents_to_host(self, device, host): |
| # TODO(borenet): When all of our devices are on Android 6.0 and up, we can |
| # switch to using tar to zip up the results before pulling. |
| with self.m.step.nest('adb pull'): |
| tmp = self.m.path.mkdtemp('adb_pull') |
| self._adb('pull %s' % device, 'pull', device, tmp) |
| paths = self.m.file.glob_paths( |
| 'list pulled files', |
| tmp, |
| self.m.path.basename(device) + self.m.path.sep + '*', |
| test_data=['%d.png' % i for i in (1, 2)]) |
| for p in paths: |
| self.m.file.copy('copy %s' % self.m.path.basename(p), p, host) |
| |
| def read_file_on_device(self, path, **kwargs): |
| rv = self._adb('read %s' % path, |
| 'shell', 'cat', path, stdout=self.m.raw_io.output(), |
| **kwargs) |
| return rv.stdout.rstrip() if rv and rv.stdout else None |
| |
| def remove_file_on_device(self, path): |
| self._adb('rm %s' % path, 'shell', 'rm', '-f', path) |
| |
| def create_clean_device_dir(self, path): |
| self._adb('rm %s' % path, 'shell', 'rm', '-rf', path) |
| self._adb('mkdir %s' % path, 'shell', 'mkdir', '-p', path) |
