| This test data was produced by creating a self-signed EC cert using OpenSSL, | 
 | and then extracting the relevant fields. | 
 |  | 
 | It uses RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 with SHA-256 and a 1024-bit key. | 
 |  | 
 | (1) Generate self-signed certificate | 
 |  | 
 |   openssl genrsa -out rsa_key.pem 1024 | 
 |   openssl req -new -key rsa_key.pem -x509 -nodes -days 365 -out cert.pem | 
 |  | 
 | (2) Extract public key | 
 |  | 
 |   openssl x509 -in cert.pem -pubkey -noout > pubkey.pem | 
 |   cat pubkey.pem | 
 |  | 
 | (3) Extract signed data (tbsCertificate) | 
 |  | 
 |   openssl asn1parse -in cert.pem -out tbs -noout -strparse 4 | 
 |   base64 tbs | 
 |  | 
 | (4) Extract signature algorithm | 
 |  | 
 |   # Find the offset of the signature algorithm near the end (491 in this case) | 
 |   openssl asn1parse -in cert.pem | 
 |  | 
 |   openssl asn1parse -in cert.pem -out alg -noout -strparse 491 | 
 |   base64 alg | 
 |  | 
 | (5) Extract the signature | 
 |  | 
 |   # Find the final offset of BIT STRING (506 in this case) | 
 |   openssl asn1parse -in cert.pem | 
 |  | 
 |   openssl asn1parse -in cert.pem -out sig -noout -strparse 506 | 
 |   base64 sig | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | $ openssl asn1parse -i < [PUBLIC KEY] | 
 |     0:d=0  hl=3 l= 159 cons: SEQUENCE           | 
 |     3:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE           | 
 |     5:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :rsaEncryption | 
 |    16:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL               | 
 |    18:d=1  hl=3 l= 141 prim:  BIT STRING         | 
 | -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- | 
 | MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCqR+B2Mj1irNp1JnY2zQIQRQPz7ybs6mUjHT3 | 
 | hf5APyaig2u6fBPThqxssgg0YviqIj/70hVK/JXcqP1zgR5AhsA0agnwAjfB/ow4EH+3HEYV52q | 
 | pxN98pUxC+1l2hgVtn8xCS/JGyjK+6dv+lZw3ixJoX2RjVtdJ4/cn318EhhQIDAQAB | 
 | -----END PUBLIC KEY----- | 
 |  | 
 | $ openssl asn1parse -i < [ALGORITHM] | 
 |     0:d=0  hl=2 l=  13 cons: SEQUENCE           | 
 |     2:d=1  hl=2 l=   9 prim:  OBJECT            :sha256WithRSAEncryption | 
 |    13:d=1  hl=2 l=   0 prim:  NULL               | 
 | -----BEGIN ALGORITHM----- | 
 | MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUA | 
 | -----END ALGORITHM----- | 
 |  | 
 | -----BEGIN DATA----- | 
 | MIIB46ADAgECAgkA3l4tFOVii0UwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwVjELMAkGA1UEBhMCQVUxEzARBgN | 
 | VBAgMClNvbWUtU3RhdGUxITAfBgNVBAoMGEludGVybmV0IFdpZGdpdHMgUHR5IEx0ZDEPMA0GA1 | 
 | UEAwwGTXkga2V5MB4XDTE1MDcwMjE3MDYzOVoXDTE2MDcwMTE3MDYzOVowVjELMAkGA1UEBhMCQ | 
 | VUxEzARBgNVBAgMClNvbWUtU3RhdGUxITAfBgNVBAoMGEludGVybmV0IFdpZGdpdHMgUHR5IEx0 | 
 | ZDEPMA0GA1UEAwwGTXkga2V5MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCqR+B2Mj1irNp | 
 | 1JnY2zQIQRQPz7ybs6mUjHT3hf5APyaig2u6fBPThqxssgg0YviqIj/70hVK/JXcqP1zgR5AhsA | 
 | 0agnwAjfB/ow4EH+3HEYV52qpxN98pUxC+1l2hgVtn8xCS/JGyjK+6dv+lZw3ixJoX2RjVtdJ4/ | 
 | cn318EhhQIDAQABo1AwTjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUzQBVKTEknyLndWd2HTsBdTKvyikwHwYDVR0jBBgw | 
 | FoAUzQBVKTEknyLndWd2HTsBdTKvyikwDAYDVR0TBAUwAwEB/w== | 
 | -----END DATA----- | 
 |  | 
 | $ openssl asn1parse -i < [SIGNATURE] | 
 |     0:d=0  hl=3 l= 129 prim: BIT STRING         | 
 | -----BEGIN SIGNATURE----- | 
 | A4GBADrHSmFSJw/Gv7hs5PNzpaJwAri/sitarIZfzN/SjR+n8L8yeTEoiDb1+BkxlFvXvPHTaOK | 
 | oO3WlslNNOxh1W5/JkYYGOUkCcyIjnln6qS560imcr3VNjomT/M8M2Iss+rJiKau1TRuaP7H8i6 | 
 | +Gqf3saGdr8/LnvFAdNQvkalQt | 
 | -----END SIGNATURE----- |